[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3298},["ShallowReactive",2],{"english-list":3},[4,204,1036,1913,2518],{"id":5,"title":6,"body":7,"date":191,"description":182,"excerpt":192,"extension":193,"meta":194,"navigation":195,"path":196,"seo":197,"stem":198,"tags":199,"__hash__":203},"english\u002Fenglish\u002Fengineering-meeting-phrases.md","工程師開會常用英文句型：同步進度、提出疑問與表達不同意見",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":181},"minimark",[10,15,24,28,68,71,97,100,103,129,132,162,165],[11,12,14],"h2",{"id":13},"為什麼要背句型而不是單字","為什麼要背「句型」而不是單字",[16,17,18,19,23],"p",{},"技術單字工程師通常都認得——deployment、latency、rollback 天天在看。真正在會議\n上卡住的，往往是",[20,21,22],"strong",{},"句子的開頭","：想插話、想表達不同意見、想確認自己有沒有聽懂，\n腦袋裡有中文，卻不知道第一個字該說什麼。先把幾組開頭背熟，後面接技術名詞就順了。",[11,25,27],{"id":26},"同步進度stand-up","同步進度（Stand-up）",[29,30,31,42,52,58],"ul",{},[32,33,34,37,38,41],"li",{},[20,35,36],{},"Yesterday I worked on"," the payment retry logic, and ",[20,39,40],{},"today I'm going to"," add tests for it.",[32,43,44,47,48,51],{},[20,45,46],{},"I'm blocked on"," the staging database access — ",[20,49,50],{},"could someone help me with"," that?",[32,53,54,57],{},[20,55,56],{},"It's taking longer than expected because"," the legacy API doesn't return error codes.",[32,59,60,63,64,67],{},[20,61,62],{},"I should be able to"," wrap this up ",[20,65,66],{},"by end of day tomorrow",".",[11,69,70],{"id":70},"確認自己有聽懂",[29,72,73,79,85,91],{},[32,74,75,78],{},[20,76,77],{},"Just to make sure I understand,"," you're saying we should cache this on the client side?",[32,80,81,84],{},[20,82,83],{},"Could you elaborate on"," what you mean by \"eventually consistent\" here?",[32,86,87,90],{},[20,88,89],{},"Sorry, I didn't catch that."," Could you say that again?",[32,92,93,96],{},[20,94,95],{},"So the takeaway is"," we'll ship behind a feature flag first, right?",[11,98,99],{"id":99},"客氣地表達不同意見",[16,101,102],{},"直接說 \"I disagree\" 在英文裡其實沒有那麼失禮，但搭配緩衝句會更自然：",[29,104,105,111,117,123],{},[32,106,107,110],{},[20,108,109],{},"I see your point, but I'm a bit concerned about"," the extra load on the database.",[32,112,113,116],{},[20,114,115],{},"Have we considered"," using a queue instead?",[32,118,119,122],{},[20,120,121],{},"I might be missing something, but"," wouldn't this break the existing clients?",[32,124,125,128],{},[20,126,127],{},"What if we"," split this into two smaller PRs?",[11,130,131],{"id":131},"收尾與分派工作",[29,133,134,140,150,156],{},[32,135,136,139],{},[20,137,138],{},"Let's take this offline."," （這個會後再私下討論）",[32,141,142,145,146,149],{},[20,143,144],{},"I'll follow up on"," the monitoring alerts and ",[20,147,148],{},"circle back"," by Friday.",[32,151,152,155],{},[20,153,154],{},"Who's going to own"," the migration script?",[32,157,158,161],{},[20,159,160],{},"Let's sync again"," after the load test results come in.",[11,163,164],{"id":164},"練習方法",[166,167,168,175,178],"ol",{},[32,169,170,171,174],{},"每次開會前挑 ",[20,172,173],{},"兩句"," 準備好，會議中刻意用出來。",[32,176,177],{},"會後把自己卡住的那句中文記下來，查好英文說法補進這份筆記。",[32,179,180],{},"錄下自己的 stand-up 更新，隔天重聽一次，找出最不自然的地方改掉。",{"title":182,"searchDepth":183,"depth":183,"links":184},"",2,[185,186,187,188,189,190],{"id":13,"depth":183,"text":14},{"id":26,"depth":183,"text":27},{"id":70,"depth":183,"text":70},{"id":99,"depth":183,"text":99},{"id":131,"depth":183,"text":131},{"id":164,"depth":183,"text":164},"2026-03-29",null,"md",{},true,"\u002Fenglish\u002Fengineering-meeting-phrases",{"title":6,"description":182},"english\u002Fengineering-meeting-phrases",[200,201,202],"英文學習","職場英文","會議","DJBBPN09xkPjCF1fKObBaRJskFVdfNmGLYMfU5jszbI",{"id":205,"title":206,"body":207,"date":1027,"description":182,"excerpt":192,"extension":193,"meta":1028,"navigation":195,"path":1029,"seo":1030,"stem":1031,"tags":1032,"__hash__":1035},"english\u002Fenglish\u002Fwh-questions.md","What、Why、Where、When、How：五個疑問詞的用法與問句結構",{"type":8,"value":208,"toc":1013},[209,212,224,227,235,238,270,370,373,377,382,387,421,425,429,461,496,500,504,528,578,582,586,609,644,648,652,665,706,710,720,724,733,737,756,865,869,884,888,904,990,997,999],[11,210,211],{"id":211},"疑問詞問句的公式",[16,213,214,215,219,220,223],{},"Yes \u002F No 問句（",[216,217,218],"em",{},"Are you ready? \u002F Do you know…?","）只能回答是或否；\n想問「什麼、為什麼、在哪、何時、怎麼做」，就要在句首加上",[20,221,222],{},"疑問詞","。",[16,225,226],{},"幾乎所有疑問詞問句都套同一個公式：",[228,229,230],"blockquote",{},[16,231,232],{},[20,233,234],{},"疑問詞 + 助動詞（do \u002F does \u002F did \u002F be \u002F will \u002F can…）+ 主詞 + 動詞 + 其他？",[16,236,237],{},"也就是：先把一般問句寫出來，再把疑問詞放到最前面。",[29,239,240,256],{},[32,241,242,249,250],{},[216,243,244,245,248],{},"Do you store the logs ",[20,246,247],{},"in S3","?"," → ",[216,251,252,255],{},[20,253,254],{},"Where"," do you store the logs?",[32,257,258,249,264],{},[216,259,260,261,248],{},"Is the release ",[20,262,263],{},"on Friday",[216,265,266,269],{},[20,267,268],{},"When"," is the release?",[271,272,273,291],"table",{},[274,275,276],"thead",{},[277,278,279,282,285,288],"tr",{},[280,281,222],"th",{},[280,283,284],{},"問什麼",[280,286,287],{},"詞性",[280,289,290],{},"常見搭配",[292,293,294,311,327,341,355],"tbody",{},[277,295,296,302,305,308],{},[297,298,299],"td",{},[20,300,301],{},"What",[297,303,304],{},"事物、內容",[297,306,307],{},"疑問代名詞／限定詞",[297,309,310],{},"what time, what kind of, what if",[277,312,313,318,321,324],{},[297,314,315],{},[20,316,317],{},"Why",[297,319,320],{},"原因、理由",[297,322,323],{},"疑問副詞",[297,325,326],{},"why not, why don't we",[277,328,329,333,336,338],{},[297,330,331],{},[20,332,254],{},[297,334,335],{},"地點、位置",[297,337,323],{},[297,339,340],{},"where else, where exactly",[277,342,343,347,350,352],{},[297,344,345],{},[20,346,268],{},[297,348,349],{},"時間",[297,351,323],{},[297,353,354],{},"since when, until when",[277,356,357,362,365,367],{},[297,358,359],{},[20,360,361],{},"How",[297,363,364],{},"方法、程度、狀態",[297,366,323],{},[297,368,369],{},"how long, how many, how often, how come",[371,372],"pos-legend",{},[11,374,376],{"id":375},"what問什麼","What：問「什麼」",[378,379,381],"h3",{"id":380},"what-當受詞要加助動詞","What 當受詞：要加助動詞",[383,384],"en-sentence",{":groups":385,"zh":386},"[{\"role\":\"疑問詞（受詞 O）\",\"words\":[[\"What\",\"pron\",\"疑問代名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"do\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"you\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"think\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"about\",\"prep\"],[\"moving\",\"n\",\"動名詞\"],[\"our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"logs\",\"n\"],[\"to\",\"prep\"],[\"Elasticsearch?\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"]]}]","你覺得把我們的 log 搬到 Elasticsearch 怎麼樣？",[16,388,389,392,393,400,401,404,405,409,410,413,414,416,417,223],{},[20,390,391],{},"結構分析："," 還原成直述句是 ",[216,394,395,396,399],{},"You think ",[20,397,398],{},"something"," about moving our logs…","，\nWhat 代替的是 think 的受詞，所以要加助動詞 ",[20,402,403],{},"do","。\n注意 about 是介系詞，後面接動名詞 ",[406,407,408],"code",{},"moving","。中文說「你覺得…",[20,411,412],{},"怎麼樣","」，英文要用 ",[20,415,301],{}," do you think，不是 ",[418,419,420],"del",{},"How do you think",[378,422,424],{"id":423},"what-當主詞不加-do","What 當主詞：不加 do",[383,426],{":groups":427,"zh":428},"[{\"role\":\"疑問詞（主詞 S）\",\"words\":[[\"What\",\"pron\",\"疑問代名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"caused\",\"v\",\"動詞過去式\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"outage\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"payment\",\"n\"],[\"service\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"night?\",\"n\"]]}]","昨晚金流服務停機是什麼原因造成的？",[16,430,431,433,434,437,438,441,442,445,446,449,450,453,454],{},[20,432,391],{}," 這裡 What 本身就是",[20,435,436],{},"主詞","（是「什麼東西」造成停機），\n所以句子直接是 ",[216,439,440],{},"What + 動詞","，",[20,443,444],{},"不需要 did","，動詞直接用過去式 ",[406,447,448],{},"caused","。\n寫成 ",[418,451,452],{},"What did cause the outage?"," 是常見錯誤。Who 當主詞時也一樣：",[216,455,456,457,460],{},"Who ",[20,458,459],{},"approved"," this pull request?",[228,462,463,468],{},[16,464,465],{},[20,466,467],{},"What 的常見搭配",[29,469,470,479,487],{},[32,471,472],{},[216,473,474,475,478],{},"What ",[20,476,477],{},"kind of"," database are you planning to use for the analytics service?",[32,480,481],{},[216,482,474,483,486],{},[20,484,485],{},"time"," does the maintenance window start in our time zone?",[32,488,489,495],{},[216,490,474,491,494],{},[20,492,493],{},"if"," the third-party API goes down during the campaign?","（要是…怎麼辦）",[11,497,499],{"id":498},"why問為什麼","Why：問「為什麼」",[383,501],{":groups":502,"zh":503},"[{\"role\":\"疑問詞\",\"words\":[[\"Why\",\"adv\",\"疑問副詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"did\",\"aux\",\"助動詞過去式\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"deployment\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"fail\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"從屬連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"even though\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"all\",\"det\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"tests\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"passed?\",\"v\",\"動詞過去式\"]]}]","為什麼所有測試都通過了，部署還是失敗？",[16,505,506,508,509,512,513,516,517,520,521,524,525,223],{},[20,507,391],{}," 事情發生在過去，時態放在助動詞 ",[20,510,511],{},"did"," 上，主要動詞 ",[406,514,515],{},"fail"," 回到原形。\n",[406,518,519],{},"even though","（即使）帶出的是從屬子句，子句",[20,522,523],{},"不倒裝","，動詞照常用過去式 ",[406,526,527],{},"passed",[228,529,530,535],{},[16,531,532],{},[20,533,534],{},"Why 的常見搭配",[29,536,537,553,564],{},[32,538,539,544,545,548,549,552],{},[216,540,541],{},[20,542,543],{},"Why don't we"," ",[216,546,547],{},"split this ticket into two smaller ones?"," — 不是在問原因，而是",[20,550,551],{},"提出建議","（我們何不…）。",[32,554,555,544,560,563],{},[216,556,557],{},[20,558,559],{},"Why not",[216,561,562],{},"use a managed service instead of running our own cluster?"," — 後面直接接原形動詞。",[32,565,566,544,571,574,575,577],{},[216,567,568],{},[20,569,570],{},"How come",[216,572,573],{},"the build is so slow today?"," — 口語的「怎麼會」，後面",[20,576,523],{},"，維持直述句語序。",[11,579,581],{"id":580},"where問在哪裡","Where：問「在哪裡」",[383,583],{":groups":584,"zh":585},"[{\"role\":\"疑問詞\",\"words\":[[\"Where\",\"adv\",\"疑問副詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"are\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"production\",\"n\"],[\"database\",\"n\"],[\"credentials\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"stored?\",\"v\",\"過去分詞\"]]}]","正式環境的資料庫帳密是存放在哪裡的？",[16,587,588,590,591,594,595,598,599,602,603],{},[20,589,391],{}," 帳密是「被存放」的，所以是被動式 ",[20,592,593],{},"are + stored","。\n主詞核心是複數的 ",[406,596,597],{},"credentials","，助動詞用 ",[20,600,601],{},"are","。把 Where 放回原位就是 ",[216,604,605,606,67],{},"The credentials are stored ",[20,607,608],{},"in Vault",[228,610,611,616],{},[16,612,613],{},[20,614,615],{},"Where 的常見問法",[29,617,618,627,635],{},[32,619,620],{},[216,621,622,623,626],{},"Where ",[20,624,625],{},"can I find"," the runbook for the payment service?",[32,628,629],{},[216,630,622,631,634],{},[20,632,633],{},"exactly"," does the request time out — at the gateway or in the backend?",[32,636,637,643],{},[216,638,622,639,642],{},[20,640,641],{},"did you hear"," about this job opening?","（面試常見問題）",[11,645,647],{"id":646},"when問什麼時候","When：問「什麼時候」",[383,649],{":groups":650,"zh":651},"[{\"role\":\"疑問詞\",\"words\":[[\"When\",\"adv\",\"疑問副詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"will\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"version\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"be\",\"v\",\"be 動詞原形\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"available\",\"adj\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"prep\"],[\"external\",\"adj\"],[\"customers?\",\"n\"]]}]","新版本什麼時候會開放給外部客戶使用？",[16,653,654,656,657,660,661,664],{},[20,655,391],{}," 助動詞 ",[20,658,659],{},"will"," 後面的 be 動詞要用原形 ",[406,662,663],{},"be","。\n這句的核心結構是 S + V + C（the version will be available），When 問的是時間。",[228,666,667,672],{},[16,668,669],{},[20,670,671],{},"When 和 What time 的差別",[29,673,674,684,695],{},[32,675,676,544,680,683],{},[216,677,678],{},[20,679,268],{},[216,681,682],{},"did you join the company?"," — 範圍較廣，可以回答年份、月份、某個事件之後。",[32,685,686,544,691,694],{},[216,687,688],{},[20,689,690],{},"What time",[216,692,693],{},"is the stand-up tomorrow?"," — 只問幾點幾分。",[32,696,697,544,702,705],{},[216,698,699],{},[20,700,701],{},"Since when",[216,703,704],{},"has this endpoint required authentication?"," — 從什麼時候開始（常帶有意外的語氣）。",[11,707,709],{"id":708},"how問怎麼做多","How：問「怎麼做、多…」",[16,711,712,713,716,717,223],{},"How 單獨用時問",[20,714,715],{},"方法或狀態","；加上形容詞或副詞時問",[20,718,719],{},"程度、數量、頻率",[383,721],{":groups":722,"zh":723},"[{\"role\":\"疑問詞\",\"words\":[[\"How\",\"adv\",\"疑問副詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"do\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"you\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"usually\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"handle\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"database\",\"n\"],[\"backups\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"during\",\"prep\"],[\"off-peak\",\"adj\"],[\"hours?\",\"n\"]]}]","你們通常是怎麼處理離峰時段的資料庫備份的？",[16,725,726,728,729,732],{},[20,727,391],{}," How 問的是 handle 的「方法」。頻率副詞 ",[406,730,731],{},"usually"," 放在主詞和主要動詞之間。",[383,734],{":groups":735,"zh":736},"[{\"role\":\"疑問詞\",\"words\":[[\"How\",\"adv\",\"疑問副詞\"],[\"long\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"does\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"虛主詞\",\"words\":[[\"it\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"usually\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"take\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"真正主詞\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"inf\"],[\"run\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"full\",\"adj\"],[\"test\",\"n\"],[\"suite?\",\"n\"]]}]","跑完整套測試通常要花多久時間？",[16,738,739,544,741,744,745,748,749,752,753,223],{},[20,740,391],{},[406,742,743],{},"How long"," 是一組，問時間長度。",[406,746,747],{},"it"," 是虛主詞，真正的主詞是後面的不定詞片語\n",[216,750,751],{},"to run the full test suite","。主詞是 it（第三人稱單數），所以助動詞用 ",[20,754,755],{},"does",[271,757,758,770],{},[274,759,760],{},[277,761,762,765,767],{},[280,763,764],{},"How + 形容詞／副詞",[280,766,284],{},[280,768,769],{},"例句",[292,771,772,788,804,820,835,850],{},[277,773,774,780,783],{},[297,775,776,777],{},"How ",[20,778,779],{},"long",[297,781,782],{},"多久",[297,784,785],{},[216,786,787],{},"How long have you been working with Kubernetes?",[277,789,790,796,799],{},[297,791,776,792,795],{},[20,793,794],{},"many"," + 可數名詞",[297,797,798],{},"多少個",[297,800,801],{},[216,802,803],{},"How many requests per second can this service handle?",[277,805,806,812,815],{},[297,807,776,808,811],{},[20,809,810],{},"much"," + 不可數名詞",[297,813,814],{},"多少量",[297,816,817],{},[216,818,819],{},"How much memory does each pod need in production?",[277,821,822,827,830],{},[297,823,776,824],{},[20,825,826],{},"often",[297,828,829],{},"多常",[297,831,832],{},[216,833,834],{},"How often do you rotate the API keys for third-party services?",[277,836,837,842,845],{},[297,838,776,839],{},[20,840,841],{},"soon",[297,843,844],{},"多快",[297,846,847],{},[216,848,849],{},"How soon can you get the hotfix ready for review?",[277,851,852,857,860],{},[297,853,776,854],{},[20,855,856],{},"far",[297,858,859],{},"多遠、到什麼程度",[297,861,862],{},[216,863,864],{},"How far along are we with the migration?",[11,866,868],{"id":867},"間接問句放進句子裡就不倒裝","間接問句：放進句子裡就不倒裝",[16,870,871,872,875,876,879,880,883],{},"在會議或 email 裡，直接問 ",[216,873,874],{},"Where are the logs stored?"," 有時顯得太直接。\n更禮貌的做法是放進 ",[216,877,878],{},"Could you tell me… \u002F Do you know… \u002F I'm not sure…"," 裡，這時疑問詞後面",[20,881,882],{},"改回直述句語序","：",[383,885],{":groups":886,"zh":887},"[{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"Could\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"you\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"tell\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"間接受詞 IO\",\"words\":[[\"me\",\"pron\",\"受格代名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"直接受詞 DO（名詞子句）\",\"words\":[[\"where\",\"conj\",\"疑問詞（連接）\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"deployment\",\"n\"],[\"logs\",\"n\"],[\"are\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"],[\"stored?\",\"v\",\"過去分詞\"]]}]","可以告訴我部署 log 存放在哪裡嗎？",[16,889,890,892,893,896,897,900,901,223],{},[20,891,391],{}," 整個 ",[216,894,895],{},"where the deployment logs are stored"," 是 tell 的直接受詞（句型 4：S + V + IO + DO）。\n子句裡是 ",[20,898,899],{},"主詞 + are stored","，不是 ",[418,902,903],{},"where are the deployment logs stored",[271,905,906,916],{},[274,907,908],{},[277,909,910,913],{},[280,911,912],{},"直接問句",[280,914,915],{},"間接問句",[292,917,918,936,956,973],{},[277,919,920,928],{},[297,921,922],{},[216,923,924,925,248],{},"Why ",[20,926,927],{},"did the job fail",[297,929,930],{},[216,931,932,933,248],{},"Do you know why ",[20,934,935],{},"the job failed",[277,937,938,947],{},[297,939,940],{},[216,941,942,943,946],{},"When ",[20,944,945],{},"will the patch be"," released?",[297,948,949],{},[216,950,951,952,955],{},"I'm not sure when ",[20,953,954],{},"the patch will be"," released.",[277,957,958,965],{},[297,959,960],{},[216,961,776,962,248],{},[20,963,964],{},"does this script work",[297,966,967],{},[216,968,969,970,248],{},"Could you explain how ",[20,971,972],{},"this script works",[277,974,975,982],{},[297,976,977],{},[216,978,474,979,248],{},[20,980,981],{},"is the root cause",[297,983,984],{},[216,985,986,987,67],{},"We still don't know what ",[20,988,989],{},"the root cause is",[16,991,992,993,996],{},"注意 do \u002F does \u002F did 在間接問句裡會",[20,994,995],{},"消失","，時態和單複數回到主要動詞上（failed、works）。",[11,998,164],{"id":164},[166,1000,1001,1004,1010],{},[32,1002,1003],{},"先寫出直述句，把想問的部分換成疑問詞放到句首，再補上助動詞——這樣幾乎不會寫錯語序。",[32,1005,1006,1007,223],{},"遇到 What \u002F Who 時多想一步：它是主詞還是受詞？是主詞就",[20,1008,1009],{},"不要加 do",[32,1011,1012],{},"把今天在會議上想問的三個問題，各改寫成直接問句和間接問句一次。",{"title":182,"searchDepth":183,"depth":183,"links":1014},[1015,1016,1021,1022,1023,1024,1025,1026],{"id":211,"depth":183,"text":211},{"id":375,"depth":183,"text":376,"children":1017},[1018,1020],{"id":380,"depth":1019,"text":381},3,{"id":423,"depth":1019,"text":424},{"id":498,"depth":183,"text":499},{"id":580,"depth":183,"text":581},{"id":646,"depth":183,"text":647},{"id":708,"depth":183,"text":709},{"id":867,"depth":183,"text":868},{"id":164,"depth":183,"text":164},"2026-03-22",{},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fwh-questions",{"title":206,"description":182},"english\u002Fwh-questions",[200,1033,1034],"文法","疑問句","KMPq4GD8AYBM3ZiwQ_GwfWiSWWToVl44D5tBqSnhB2U",{"id":1037,"title":1038,"body":1039,"date":1904,"description":1043,"excerpt":192,"extension":193,"meta":1905,"navigation":195,"path":1906,"seo":1907,"stem":1908,"tags":1909,"__hash__":1912},"english\u002Fenglish\u002Fdo-you-are-you-to-do-doing.md","Do you 還是 Are you？to do 還是 doing？兩組最常搞混的用法",{"type":8,"value":1040,"toc":1886},[1041,1044,1058,1060,1064,1068,1071,1198,1209,1213,1217,1236,1240,1244,1262,1266,1270,1291,1345,1348,1450,1485,1489,1496,1517,1521,1526,1530,1538,1542,1547,1551,1582,1586,1592,1596,1622,1637,1641,1644,1648,1664,1668,1674,1837,1841,1846,1873,1875],[16,1042,1043],{},"這篇分成兩部分：",[166,1045,1046,1052],{},[32,1047,1048,1051],{},[20,1049,1050],{},"Do you vs. Are you","：問句開頭要用 do 還是 be 動詞。",[32,1053,1054,1057],{},[20,1055,1056],{},"to do vs. doing","：動詞後面要接不定詞（to + 原形動詞）還是動名詞（V-ing）。",[371,1059],{},[11,1061,1063],{"id":1062},"part-1do-you-還是-are-you","Part 1：Do you 還是 Are you？",[378,1065,1067],{"id":1066},"判斷原則看句子裡真正的動詞是什麼","判斷原則：看句子裡「真正的動詞」是什麼",[16,1069,1070],{},"把問句先想成直述句，找出主要動詞：",[271,1072,1073,1089],{},[274,1074,1075],{},[277,1076,1077,1080,1083,1086],{},[280,1078,1079],{},"直述句的動詞",[280,1081,1082],{},"問句開頭",[280,1084,1085],{},"後面接",[280,1087,1088],{},"例子",[292,1090,1091,1121,1147,1173],{},[277,1092,1093,1099,1105,1108],{},[297,1094,1095,1098],{},[20,1096,1097],{},"一般動詞","（know, need, agree, use…）",[297,1100,1101,1104],{},[20,1102,1103],{},"Do"," you",[297,1106,1107],{},"原形動詞",[297,1109,1110,1111,1114,1115,1117,1118,1120],{},"You ",[20,1112,1113],{},"know"," him. → ",[20,1116,1103],{}," you ",[20,1119,1113],{}," him?",[277,1122,1123,1129,1134,1137],{},[297,1124,1125,1128],{},[20,1126,1127],{},"be 動詞","（am \u002F is \u002F are）",[297,1130,1131,1104],{},[20,1132,1133],{},"Are",[297,1135,1136],{},"形容詞、名詞、地點",[297,1138,1110,1139,1141,1142,1117,1144,248],{},[20,1140,601],{}," ready. → ",[20,1143,1133],{},[20,1145,1146],{},"ready",[277,1148,1149,1155,1159,1162],{},[297,1150,1151,1154],{},[20,1152,1153],{},"be + V-ing","（進行式）",[297,1156,1157,1104],{},[20,1158,1133],{},[297,1160,1161],{},"V-ing",[297,1163,1110,1164,1167,1168,1117,1170,248],{},[20,1165,1166],{},"are working",". → ",[20,1169,1133],{},[20,1171,1172],{},"working",[277,1174,1175,1181,1185,1188],{},[297,1176,1177,1180],{},[20,1178,1179],{},"be + 過去分詞","（被動、狀態）",[297,1182,1183,1104],{},[20,1184,1133],{},[297,1186,1187],{},"過去分詞",[297,1189,1110,1190,1167,1193,1117,1195,248],{},[20,1191,1192],{},"are interested",[20,1194,1133],{},[20,1196,1197],{},"interested",[16,1199,1200,1201,1204,1205,1208],{},"一句話記：",[20,1202,1203],{},"Do 後面接動作（原形動詞），Are 後面接狀態（形容詞、名詞、V-ing、過去分詞）","。\n一個問句裡",[20,1206,1207],{},"不會同時","出現 do 和 be 動詞當助動詞。",[378,1210,1212],{"id":1211},"are-you-形容詞問狀態","Are you + 形容詞：問狀態",[383,1214],{":groups":1215,"zh":1216},"[{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"Are\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"you\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"familiar\",\"adj\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"with\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"deployment\",\"n\"],[\"pipeline\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"形容詞子句\",\"words\":[[\"that\",\"pron\",\"關係代名詞\"],[\"we\",\"pron\"],[\"set\",\"v\"],[\"up\",\"adv\",\"片語動詞副詞\"],[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"week?\",\"n\"]]}]","你熟悉我們上週建好的那條新部署流程嗎？",[16,1218,1219,544,1221,1224,1225,1228,1229],{},[20,1220,391],{},[406,1222,1223],{},"familiar"," 是形容詞，句子裡沒有其他一般動詞，所以用 ",[20,1226,1227],{},"Are you","。\n同樣的意思如果用一般動詞 know 來問，就要改成 ",[216,1230,1231,1117,1233,1235],{},[20,1232,1103],{},[20,1234,1113],{}," the new deployment pipeline?",[378,1237,1239],{"id":1238},"do-you-原形動詞問動作習慣想法","Do you + 原形動詞：問動作、習慣、想法",[383,1241],{":groups":1242,"zh":1243},"[{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"Do\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"you\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"know\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O（名詞子句）\",\"words\":[[\"who\",\"pron\",\"疑問代名詞\"],[\"is\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"],[\"responsible\",\"adj\"],[\"for\",\"prep\"],[\"renewing\",\"n\",\"動名詞\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"SSL\",\"n\"],[\"certificates?\",\"n\"]]}]","你知道誰負責更新 SSL 憑證嗎？",[16,1245,1246,1248,1249,1251,1252,1254,1255,1258,1259,223],{},[20,1247,391],{}," 主要動詞是一般動詞 ",[406,1250,1113],{},"，所以開頭用 ",[20,1253,1103],{},"，know 保持原形。\n受詞是一整個名詞子句 ",[216,1256,1257],{},"who is responsible for renewing…","，子句裡又有自己的 be 動詞 is——\n這不影響開頭的 Do，因為",[20,1260,1261],{},"決定開頭的是主要子句的動詞",[378,1263,1265],{"id":1264},"同一個動詞are-you-和-do-you-意思不同","同一個動詞，Are you 和 Do you 意思不同",[383,1267],{":groups":1268,"zh":1269},"[{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"Are\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"you\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"still\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"working\",\"v\",\"現在分詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"on\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"database\",\"n\"],[\"migration\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"對等連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"or\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"should\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"I\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V（片語動詞）\",\"words\":[[\"take\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"],[\"it\",\"pron\",\"受詞\"],[\"over?\",\"adv\",\"片語動詞副詞\"]]}]","你還在處理資料庫遷移嗎？還是要我接手？",[16,1271,1272,544,1274,1277,1278,1281,1282,1290],{},[20,1273,391],{},[406,1275,1276],{},"Are you working on…?"," 是進行式，問「",[20,1279,1280],{},"現在這段時間","正在做嗎」。\n如果改成 ",[216,1283,1284,1117,1286,1289],{},[20,1285,1103],{},[20,1287,1288],{},"work"," on database migrations?","，意思變成「你（平常）負責資料庫遷移這類工作嗎」，問的是習慣或職責。",[271,1292,1293,1303],{},[274,1294,1295],{},[277,1296,1297,1300],{},[280,1298,1299],{},"問句",[280,1301,1302],{},"意思",[292,1304,1305,1315,1325,1335],{},[277,1306,1307,1312],{},[297,1308,1309],{},[216,1310,1311],{},"Do you work remotely?",[297,1313,1314],{},"你（平常）是遠端工作的嗎？",[277,1316,1317,1322],{},[297,1318,1319],{},[216,1320,1321],{},"Are you working remotely this week?",[297,1323,1324],{},"你這週在遠端工作嗎？",[277,1326,1327,1332],{},[297,1328,1329],{},[216,1330,1331],{},"Do you use Terraform?",[297,1333,1334],{},"你們（平常）有在用 Terraform 嗎？",[277,1336,1337,1342],{},[297,1338,1339],{},[216,1340,1341],{},"Are you using the latest version of Terraform?",[297,1343,1344],{},"你現在用的是最新版 Terraform 嗎？",[378,1346,1347],{"id":1347},"常見錯誤",[271,1349,1350,1363],{},[274,1351,1352],{},[277,1353,1354,1357,1360],{},[280,1355,1356],{},"❌ 錯誤",[280,1358,1359],{},"✅ 正確",[280,1361,1362],{},"原因",[292,1364,1365,1382,1399,1416,1433],{},[277,1366,1367,1372,1379],{},[297,1368,1369],{},[418,1370,1371],{},"Are you agree with this approach?",[297,1373,1374],{},[216,1375,1376,1378],{},[20,1377,1103],{}," you agree with this approach?",[297,1380,1381],{},"agree 是一般動詞",[277,1383,1384,1389,1396],{},[297,1385,1386],{},[418,1387,1388],{},"Do you ready for the demo?",[297,1390,1391],{},[216,1392,1393,1395],{},[20,1394,1133],{}," you ready for the demo?",[297,1397,1398],{},"ready 是形容詞",[277,1400,1401,1406,1413],{},[297,1402,1403],{},[418,1404,1405],{},"Are you know where the logs are?",[297,1407,1408],{},[216,1409,1410,1412],{},[20,1411,1103],{}," you know where the logs are?",[297,1414,1415],{},"know 是一般動詞",[277,1417,1418,1423,1430],{},[297,1419,1420],{},[418,1421,1422],{},"Do you interested in this role?",[297,1424,1425],{},[216,1426,1427,1429],{},[20,1428,1133],{}," you interested in this role?",[297,1431,1432],{},"interested 是過去分詞（形容詞）",[277,1434,1435,1440,1447],{},[297,1436,1437],{},[418,1438,1439],{},"Do you going to the meetup tonight?",[297,1441,1442],{},[216,1443,1444,1446],{},[20,1445,1133],{}," you going to the meetup tonight?",[297,1448,1449],{},"going 是 V-ing，要配 be",[228,1451,1452],{},[16,1453,1454,1455,1458,1459,1462,1463,1458,1466,1469,1470,1477,1478],{},"換主詞時規則一樣：he \u002F she \u002F it 用 ",[20,1456,1457],{},"Does"," 或 ",[20,1460,1461],{},"Is","；過去式用 ",[20,1464,1465],{},"Did",[20,1467,1468],{},"Was \u002F Were","。\n例如 ",[216,1471,1472,1473,1476],{},"Does the script ",[20,1474,1475],{},"support"," Windows?"," 和 ",[216,1479,1480,1481,1484],{},"Is the script ",[20,1482,1483],{},"compatible"," with Windows?",[11,1486,1488],{"id":1487},"part-2to-do-還是-doing","Part 2：to do 還是 doing？",[16,1490,1491,1492,1495],{},"不定詞（to + 原形動詞）和動名詞（V-ing）都可以把動詞「名詞化」，\n但哪些動詞後面接哪一種，",[20,1493,1494],{},"大部分是固定搭配","，需要記。好消息是有規律可循：",[29,1497,1498,1508],{},[32,1499,1500,1503,1504,1507],{},[20,1501,1502],{},"to do"," 帶有「",[20,1505,1506],{},"還沒發生、未來、目標","」的感覺 → want, plan, decide, hope",[32,1509,1510,1503,1513,1516],{},[20,1511,1512],{},"doing",[20,1514,1515],{},"已經在做、經驗、整件事本身","」的感覺 → enjoy, finish, avoid, consider",[378,1518,1520],{"id":1519},"_1-接-to-do-的動詞","1. 接 to do 的動詞",[16,1522,1523],{},[20,1524,1525],{},"want, need, plan, decide, hope, expect, agree, refuse, promise, manage, afford, tend, fail",[383,1527],{":groups":1528,"zh":1529},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"We\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"decided\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O（不定詞片語）\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"inf\"],[\"postpone\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"release\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"從屬連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"until\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"performance\",\"n\"],[\"issues\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"are\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"],[\"fixed.\",\"v\",\"過去分詞\"]]}]","我們決定延後發布，直到效能問題被修好為止。",[16,1531,1532,1534,1535,1537],{},[20,1533,391],{}," decide 後面固定接 ",[20,1536,1502],{},"。「決定」的事一定是還沒發生的，符合 to do 的「未來」感覺。",[378,1539,1541],{"id":1540},"_2-接-doing-的動詞","2. 接 doing 的動詞",[16,1543,1544],{},[20,1545,1546],{},"enjoy, finish, avoid, consider, suggest, recommend, mind, keep, postpone, practice, admit, deny, miss",[383,1548],{":groups":1549,"zh":1550},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"I\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"would\",\"aux\"],[\"suggest\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O（動名詞片語）\",\"words\":[[\"adding\",\"n\",\"動名詞\"],[\"more\",\"adj\"],[\"detailed\",\"adj\"],[\"logs\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"從屬連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"before\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"we\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"try\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"inf\"],[\"reproduce\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"bug\",\"n\"],[\"again.\",\"adv\"]]}]","我會建議先加更詳細的 log，再試著重現這個 bug。",[16,1552,1553,1555,1556,1559,1560,441,1563,1559,1566,1569,1570,1573,1574,1581],{},[20,1554,391],{}," 同一句裡兩種都有——",[406,1557,1558],{},"suggest"," 接 ",[20,1561,1562],{},"adding",[406,1564,1565],{},"try",[20,1567,1568],{},"to reproduce","。\n",[418,1571,1572],{},"I suggest to add more logs"," 是非常常見的錯誤，suggest 和 recommend 後面要用 doing\n（或 ",[216,1575,1576,1577,1580],{},"I suggest ",[20,1578,1579],{},"that we add"," more logs"," 的子句寫法）。",[378,1583,1585],{"id":1584},"_3-介系詞後面一定用-doing","3. 介系詞後面一定用 doing",[16,1587,1588,1589,883],{},"介系詞（in, on, about, for, of, without, before, after…）後面只能接名詞，動詞要先變成動名詞。\n最容易出錯的是",[20,1590,1591],{},"當介系詞用的 to",[383,1593],{":groups":1594,"zh":1595},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"I\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"am\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"],[\"really\",\"adv\"],[\"looking\",\"v\",\"現在分詞\"],[\"forward\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"prep\",\"介系詞！\"],[\"working\",\"n\",\"動名詞\"],[\"with\",\"prep\"],[\"your\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"on\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"next\",\"adj\"],[\"project.\",\"n\"]]}]","我非常期待在下一個專案和你們團隊合作。",[16,1597,1598,544,1600,1603,1604,1607,1608,1610,1611,1614,1615,1621],{},[20,1599,391],{},[406,1601,1602],{},"look forward to"," 的 to 是",[20,1605,1606],{},"介系詞","，不是不定詞，所以後面接 ",[20,1609,1172],{},"，\n寫成 ",[418,1612,1613],{},"look forward to work"," 是錯的。判斷方法：試著在 to 後面放一個名詞——\n",[216,1616,1617,1618],{},"I look forward to ",[20,1619,1620],{},"the meeting"," 說得通，就代表這個 to 是介系詞。",[16,1623,1624,1625,1628,1629,1632,1633,1636],{},"同樣是介系詞 to 的常見片語：",[216,1626,1627],{},"be used to doing","（習慣於）、",[216,1630,1631],{},"object to doing","（反對）、",[216,1634,1635],{},"when it comes to doing","（說到）。",[378,1638,1640],{"id":1639},"_4-to-do-表示目的","4. to do 表示「目的」",[16,1642,1643],{},"放在句子後面、表示「為了…」，用 to do（等於 in order to）：",[383,1645],{":groups":1646,"zh":1647},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"We\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"added\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"cache\",\"n\"],[\"layer\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M（目的）\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"inf\"],[\"reduce\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"response\",\"n\"],[\"time\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"search\",\"n\"],[\"API.\",\"n\"]]}]","我們加了一層快取，來降低搜尋 API 的回應時間。",[16,1649,1650,544,1652,1655,1656,1659,1660,1663],{},[20,1651,391],{},[406,1653,1654],{},"to reduce…"," 說明「為什麼要加快取」，是表示目的的不定詞，拿掉後句子仍然完整。\n表示目的時",[20,1657,1658],{},"不能","用 doing：",[418,1661,1662],{},"We added a cache layer reducing the response time"," 意思會跑掉。",[378,1665,1667],{"id":1666},"_5-兩種都可以但意思不同","5. 兩種都可以，但意思不同",[16,1669,1670,1671,883],{},"這幾個動詞最需要注意，接 to do 和 doing 的意思",[20,1672,1673],{},"完全不一樣",[271,1675,1676,1689],{},[274,1677,1678],{},[277,1679,1680,1683,1686],{},[280,1681,1682],{},"動詞",[280,1684,1685],{},"+ to do",[280,1687,1688],{},"+ doing",[292,1690,1691,1728,1765,1802],{},[277,1692,1693,1698,1714],{},[297,1694,1695],{},[20,1696,1697],{},"stop",[297,1699,1700,1701,1704,1711,1713],{},"停下來（去做另一件事）",[1702,1703],"br",{},[216,1705,1706,1707,1710],{},"He stopped ",[20,1708,1709],{},"to check"," the dashboard.",[1702,1712],{},"他停下手邊工作，去看儀表板。",[297,1715,1716,1717,1719,1725,1727],{},"停止（原本在做的事）",[1702,1718],{},[216,1720,1706,1721,1724],{},[20,1722,1723],{},"checking"," his email after work.",[1702,1726],{},"他下班後不再收信了。",[277,1729,1730,1735,1750],{},[297,1731,1732],{},[20,1733,1734],{},"remember",[297,1736,1737,1738,1740,1747,1749],{},"記得（要去做）",[1702,1739],{},[216,1741,1742,1743,1746],{},"Remember ",[20,1744,1745],{},"to rotate"," the keys before Friday.",[1702,1748],{},"記得週五前要更換金鑰。",[297,1751,1752,1753,1755,1762,1764],{},"記得（做過）",[1702,1754],{},[216,1756,1757,1758,1761],{},"I remember ",[20,1759,1760],{},"rotating"," the keys last month.",[1702,1763],{},"我記得上個月換過金鑰。",[277,1766,1767,1772,1787],{},[297,1768,1769],{},[20,1770,1771],{},"forget",[297,1773,1774,1775,1777,1784,1786],{},"忘了（要去做）",[1702,1776],{},[216,1778,1779,1780,1783],{},"I forgot ",[20,1781,1782],{},"to update"," the changelog.",[1702,1785],{},"我忘了更新 changelog。",[297,1788,1789,1790,1792,1799,1801],{},"忘了（做過）",[1702,1791],{},[216,1793,1794,1795,1798],{},"I'll never forget ",[20,1796,1797],{},"debugging"," that race condition.",[1702,1800],{},"我永遠忘不了 debug 那個 race condition 的經驗。",[277,1803,1804,1808,1822],{},[297,1805,1806],{},[20,1807,1565],{},[297,1809,1810,1811,1813,1819,1821],{},"努力嘗試（不一定成功）",[1702,1812],{},[216,1814,1815,1816,1818],{},"We tried ",[20,1817,1568],{}," the issue, but we couldn't.",[1702,1820],{},"我們試著重現問題，但做不到。",[297,1823,1824,1825,1827,1834,1836],{},"試試看（某個方法）",[1702,1826],{},[216,1828,1829,1830,1833],{},"Try ",[20,1831,1832],{},"clearing"," the cache and restarting the service.",[1702,1835],{},"試試看清掉快取再重啟服務。",[378,1838,1840],{"id":1839},"_6-兩種都可以意思幾乎一樣","6. 兩種都可以，意思幾乎一樣",[16,1842,1843,883],{},[20,1844,1845],{},"start, begin, continue, like, love, prefer, hate",[29,1847,1848,1861],{},[32,1849,1850],{},[216,1851,1852,1853,1856,1857,1860],{},"The team started ",[20,1854,1855],{},"to use"," \u002F ",[20,1858,1859],{},"using"," feature flags last quarter.",[32,1862,1863],{},[216,1864,1865,1866,1856,1869,1872],{},"I prefer ",[20,1867,1868],{},"to write",[20,1870,1871],{},"writing"," the tests before the implementation.",[11,1874,164],{"id":164},[166,1876,1877,1880,1883],{},[32,1878,1879],{},"寫問句前先問自己：「直述句裡的動詞是一般動詞還是 be？」決定 Do 或 Are。",[32,1881,1882],{},"把 Part 2 第 5 點的四個動詞（stop, remember, forget, try）各造兩個句子，這是最常考也最常用錯的。",[32,1884,1885],{},"遇到不確定的動詞，查字典時看例句裡它後面接什麼，而不是只看中文意思。",{"title":182,"searchDepth":183,"depth":183,"links":1887},[1888,1895,1903],{"id":1062,"depth":183,"text":1063,"children":1889},[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894],{"id":1066,"depth":1019,"text":1067},{"id":1211,"depth":1019,"text":1212},{"id":1238,"depth":1019,"text":1239},{"id":1264,"depth":1019,"text":1265},{"id":1347,"depth":1019,"text":1347},{"id":1487,"depth":183,"text":1488,"children":1896},[1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],{"id":1519,"depth":1019,"text":1520},{"id":1540,"depth":1019,"text":1541},{"id":1584,"depth":1019,"text":1585},{"id":1639,"depth":1019,"text":1640},{"id":1666,"depth":1019,"text":1667},{"id":1839,"depth":1019,"text":1840},{"id":164,"depth":183,"text":164},"2026-03-15",{},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fdo-you-are-you-to-do-doing",{"title":1038,"description":1043},"english\u002Fdo-you-are-you-to-do-doing",[200,1033,1034,1910,1911],"不定詞","動名詞","lQw_m6823WCn2TMFGefI6AZnCnKxWUANCzkEK8ghwMM",{"id":1914,"title":1915,"body":1916,"date":2511,"description":182,"excerpt":192,"extension":193,"meta":2512,"navigation":195,"path":2513,"seo":2514,"stem":2515,"tags":2516,"__hash__":2517},"english\u002Fenglish\u002Fam-is-are.md","be 動詞 am \u002F is \u002F are：用法、主詞搭配與容易搞錯的地方",{"type":8,"value":1917,"toc":2495},[1918,1922,1933,1936,1958,1960,1964,1970,2035,2045,2049,2053,2057,2072,2076,2098,2102,2106,2117,2121,2125,2143,2147,2151,2155,2171,2175,2179,2196,2200,2207,2272,2285,2289,2296,2430,2434,2467,2469],[11,1919,1921],{"id":1920},"be-動詞在做什麼","be 動詞在做什麼",[16,1923,1924,1925,1928,1929,1932],{},"一般動詞表示「動作」（deploy、review、send），be 動詞則表示「",[20,1926,1927],{},"狀態","」：\n它本身沒有具體意思，作用是把主詞和後面的說明",[20,1930,1931],{},"連起來","，類似中文的「是／在／很」。",[16,1934,1935],{},"be 動詞在英文裡有兩種身分：",[166,1937,1938,1944],{},[32,1939,1940,1943],{},[20,1941,1942],{},"主要動詞","：後面接名詞、形容詞或地點，說明主詞「是什麼、怎麼樣、在哪裡」。",[32,1945,1946,1949,1950,1953,1954,1957],{},[20,1947,1948],{},"助動詞","：搭配其他動詞，組成",[20,1951,1952],{},"進行式","（be + V-ing）和",[20,1955,1956],{},"被動式","（be + 過去分詞）。",[371,1959],{},[11,1961,1963],{"id":1962},"一主詞決定用哪一個","一、主詞決定用哪一個",[16,1965,1966,1967,1969],{},"現在式的 be 動詞有三種形式，由",[20,1968,436],{},"決定：",[271,1971,1972,1986],{},[274,1973,1974],{},[277,1975,1976,1978,1980,1983],{},[280,1977,436],{},[280,1979,1127],{},[280,1981,1982],{},"縮寫",[280,1984,1985],{},"否定縮寫",[292,1987,1988,2004,2020],{},[277,1989,1990,1993,1998,2001],{},[297,1991,1992],{},"I",[297,1994,1995],{},[20,1996,1997],{},"am",[297,1999,2000],{},"I'm",[297,2002,2003],{},"I'm not",[277,2005,2006,2009,2014,2017],{},[297,2007,2008],{},"he \u002F she \u002F it、單數名詞、不可數名詞",[297,2010,2011],{},[20,2012,2013],{},"is",[297,2015,2016],{},"he's \u002F it's",[297,2018,2019],{},"isn't",[277,2021,2022,2025,2029,2032],{},[297,2023,2024],{},"you \u002F we \u002F they、複數名詞",[297,2026,2027],{},[20,2028,601],{},[297,2030,2031],{},"you're \u002F they're",[297,2033,2034],{},"aren't",[16,2036,2037,2038,2041,2042,223],{},"過去式只有兩種：I \u002F he \u002F she \u002F it 用 ",[20,2039,2040],{},"was","，you \u002F we \u002F they 用 ",[20,2043,2044],{},"were",[11,2046,2048],{"id":2047},"二be-動詞當主要動詞的三種用法","二、be 動詞當主要動詞的三種用法",[378,2050,2052],{"id":2051},"_1-be-形容詞說明狀態特質","1. be + 形容詞：說明狀態、特質",[383,2054],{":groups":2055,"zh":2056},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"I\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"am\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"responsible\",\"adj\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"for\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"payment\",\"n\"],[\"service\",\"n\"],[\"and\",\"conj\"],[\"its\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"monitoring\",\"n\"],[\"dashboards.\",\"n\"]]}]","我負責金流服務以及它的監控儀表板。",[16,2058,2059,2061,2062,223,2064,2067,2068,2071],{},[20,2060,391],{}," I 配 ",[20,2063,1997],{},[406,2065,2066],{},"responsible"," 是形容詞，描述主詞 I 的狀態，\n",[406,2069,2070],{},"be responsible for…","（負責…）是職場上極常用的搭配。",[383,2073],{":groups":2074,"zh":2075},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"monitoring\",\"n\"],[\"dashboard\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"is\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"much\",\"adv\"],[\"easier\",\"adj\",\"形容詞比較級\"],[\"to\",\"inf\"],[\"read\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"than\",\"conj\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"old\",\"adj\"],[\"one.\",\"pron\"]]}]","新的監控儀表板比舊的那個好讀太多了。",[16,2077,2078,2080,2081,2084,2085,1569,2087,2089,2090,2093,2094,2097],{},[20,2079,391],{}," 主詞核心是單數名詞 ",[406,2082,2083],{},"dashboard","，所以用 ",[20,2086,2013],{},[406,2088,810],{}," 是副詞，用來加強比較級 ",[406,2091,2092],{},"easier","；句尾的 ",[406,2095,2096],{},"one"," 是代名詞，代替前面的 dashboard，避免重複。",[378,2099,2101],{"id":2100},"_2-be-名詞說明身分是什麼","2. be + 名詞：說明身分、是什麼",[383,2103],{":groups":2104,"zh":2105},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"root\",\"adj\"],[\"cause\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"outage\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"was\",\"v\",\"be 動詞過去式\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"misconfigured\",\"adj\",\"形容詞（分詞）\"],[\"load\",\"n\"],[\"balancer\",\"n\"],[\"rule.\",\"n\"]]}]","這次停機的根本原因，是一份設定錯誤的負載平衡器規則。",[16,2107,2108,2110,2111,2114,2115,223],{},[20,2109,391],{}," be + 名詞時，主詞和補語指的是同一件事：",[216,2112,2113],{},"the root cause = a misconfigured rule","。\n事情已經發生，所以用過去式 ",[20,2116,2040],{},[378,2118,2120],{"id":2119},"_3-be-地點說明在哪裡","3. be + 地點：說明在哪裡",[383,2122],{":groups":2123,"zh":2124},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"Our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"backend\",\"adj\"],[\"engineers\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"are\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M（地點）\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"Taipei,\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"對等連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"but\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"design\",\"n\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"is\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"Tokyo\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"],[\"this\",\"det\"],[\"quarter.\",\"n\"]]}]","這一季我們的後端工程師在台北，而設計團隊在東京。",[16,2126,2127,2129,2130,249,2133,2135,2136,2139,2140,2142],{},[20,2128,391],{}," 前半句的主詞是複數 ",[406,2131,2132],{},"engineers",[20,2134,601],{},"；後半句的主詞是 ",[406,2137,2138],{},"team","（一個團隊）→ ",[20,2141,2013],{},"。\n同一句裡兩個主詞的單複數不同，be 動詞就要分開判斷。",[11,2144,2146],{"id":2145},"三be-動詞當助動詞","三、be 動詞當助動詞",[378,2148,2150],{"id":2149},"進行式be-v-ing正在做","進行式：be + V-ing（正在做）",[383,2152],{":groups":2153,"zh":2154},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"DevOps\",\"n\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"is\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"],[\"migrating\",\"v\",\"現在分詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"all\",\"pron\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"services\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"prep\"],[\"Kubernetes\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"],[\"this\",\"det\"],[\"month.\",\"n\"]]}]","DevOps 團隊這個月正在把我們所有的服務搬到 Kubernetes 上。",[16,2156,2157,2159,2160,2162,2163,2166,2167,2170],{},[20,2158,391],{}," 這裡的 ",[406,2161,2013],{}," 本身沒有「是」的意思，只是幫 ",[406,2164,2165],{},"migrating"," 組成進行式。\n真正的動作是 migrate，",[406,2168,2169],{},"all of our services"," 是它的受詞。",[378,2172,2174],{"id":2173},"被動式be-過去分詞被","被動式：be + 過去分詞（被…）",[383,2176],{":groups":2177,"zh":2178},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"These\",\"det\"],[\"alerts\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"are\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"],[\"triggered\",\"v\",\"過去分詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"automatically\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"從屬連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"when\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"error\",\"n\"],[\"rate\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"exceeds\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"five\",\"adj\",\"數詞\"],[\"percent.\",\"n\"]]}]","當錯誤率超過百分之五時，這些告警會自動被觸發。",[16,2180,2181,2183,2184,2187,2188,2191,2192,2195],{},[20,2182,391],{}," 告警不會自己觸發，是「被」系統觸發，所以用 ",[20,2185,2186],{},"are + triggered","。\n注意從屬子句的主詞 ",[406,2189,2190],{},"the error rate"," 是單數，所以動詞是 ",[406,2193,2194],{},"exceeds","（加 s）。",[11,2197,2199],{"id":2198},"四否定句與疑問句","四、否定句與疑問句",[16,2201,2202,2203,2206],{},"be 動詞的否定和疑問",[20,2204,2205],{},"不需要 do","，直接在 be 動詞上變化：",[29,2208,2209,2242],{},[32,2210,2211,2212,2215],{},"否定：be 動詞後面加 ",[20,2213,2214],{},"not",[29,2216,2217,2225,2234],{},[32,2218,2219],{},[216,2220,2221,2222,2224],{},"The staging environment ",[20,2223,2019],{}," stable enough for a load test yet.",[32,2226,2227],{},[216,2228,2229,2230,2233],{},"I'",[20,2231,2232],{},"m not"," sure whether the hotfix is ready for production.",[32,2235,2236],{},[216,2237,2238,2239,2241],{},"The logs ",[20,2240,2034],{}," showing any errors, which makes this bug even harder to track down.",[32,2243,2244,2245,2248],{},"疑問：把 be 動詞",[20,2246,2247],{},"移到主詞前面",[29,2249,2250,2257,2264],{},[32,2251,2252],{},[216,2253,2254,2256],{},[20,2255,1133],{}," you available for a quick call after the stand-up this afternoon?",[32,2258,2259],{},[216,2260,2261,2263],{},[20,2262,1461],{}," the API gateway down again, or is it just my network?",[32,2265,2266],{},[216,2267,2268,2271],{},[20,2269,2270],{},"Were"," the customers notified before we started the maintenance?",[228,2273,2274],{},[16,2275,2276,2277,2280,2281,2284],{},"常見錯誤：",[418,2278,2279],{},"Do you are ready?","、",[418,2282,2283],{},"I don't am sure."," — be 動詞句子不要再加 do。\n什麼時候用 do、什麼時候用 be，另一篇〈Do you 還是 Are you〉有完整整理。",[11,2286,2288],{"id":2287},"五主詞到底是單數還是複數","五、主詞到底是單數還是複數？",[16,2290,2291,2292,2295],{},"be 動詞寫錯，大多不是不會變化，而是",[20,2293,2294],{},"判斷錯主詞","。以下是工作上最常見的陷阱：",[271,2297,2298,2308],{},[274,2299,2300],{},[277,2301,2302,2304,2306],{},[280,2303,436],{},[280,2305,1127],{},[280,2307,769],{},[292,2309,2310,2329,2344,2359,2374,2389,2404,2419],{},[277,2311,2312,2315,2318],{},[297,2313,2314],{},"介系詞片語不影響主詞",[297,2316,2317],{},"看核心名詞",[297,2319,2320],{},[216,2321,2322,2323,544,2326,2328],{},"The list ",[20,2324,2325],{},"of open issues",[20,2327,2013],{}," getting longer every sprint.",[277,2330,2331,2334,2336],{},[297,2332,2333],{},"each \u002F every \u002F everyone",[297,2335,2013],{},[297,2337,2338],{},[216,2339,2340,2341,2343],{},"Each of the microservices ",[20,2342,2013],{}," deployed independently.",[277,2345,2346,2349,2351],{},[297,2347,2348],{},"團隊、公司（視為一個整體）",[297,2350,2013],{},[297,2352,2353],{},[216,2354,2355,2356,2358],{},"Our team ",[20,2357,2013],{}," responsible for the on-call rotation this week.",[277,2360,2361,2364,2366],{},[297,2362,2363],{},"不可數名詞：data、information、feedback",[297,2365,2013],{},[297,2367,2368],{},[216,2369,2370,2371,2373],{},"The feedback from the beta users ",[20,2372,2013],{}," mostly positive.",[277,2375,2376,2379,2381],{},[297,2377,2378],{},"動名詞或 to V 當主詞",[297,2380,2013],{},[297,2382,2383],{},[216,2384,2385,2386,2388],{},"Writing clear commit messages ",[20,2387,2013],{}," harder than it looks.",[277,2390,2391,2394,2396],{},[297,2392,2393],{},"the number of + 複數名詞",[297,2395,2013],{},[297,2397,2398],{},[216,2399,2400,2401,2403],{},"The number of active users ",[20,2402,2013],{}," growing faster than we expected.",[277,2405,2406,2409,2411],{},[297,2407,2408],{},"a number of + 複數名詞",[297,2410,601],{},[297,2412,2413],{},[216,2414,2415,2416,2418],{},"A number of customers ",[20,2417,601],{}," reporting slow page loads.",[277,2420,2421,2424,2427],{},[297,2422,2423],{},"there is \u002F there are",[297,2425,2426],{},"看後面的名詞",[297,2428,2429],{},"見下方例句",[383,2431],{":groups":2432,"zh":2433},"[{\"role\":\"引導詞\",\"words\":[[\"There\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"are\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"still\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"真正主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"three\",\"adj\",\"數詞\"],[\"critical\",\"adj\"],[\"bugs\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"backlog\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"形容詞子句\",\"words\":[[\"that\",\"pron\",\"關係代名詞\"],[\"nobody\",\"pron\"],[\"is\",\"aux\"],[\"working\",\"v\",\"現在分詞\"],[\"on.\",\"prep\"]]}]","backlog 裡還有三個嚴重的 bug 沒有人在處理。",[16,2435,2436,544,2438,2441,2442,2445,2446,2449,2450,2452,2453,2459,2460,2463,2464,223],{},[20,2437,391],{},[406,2439,2440],{},"There"," 只是引導詞，不是真正的主詞。真正的主詞在 be 動詞",[20,2443,2444],{},"後面","：\n",[406,2447,2448],{},"three critical bugs"," 是複數 → ",[20,2451,601],{},"。如果改成 ",[216,2454,2455,2456,2458],{},"There ",[20,2457,2013],{}," one critical bug…"," 就要用 is。\n另外，形容詞子句裡的主詞是 ",[406,2461,2462],{},"nobody","（單數），所以子句裡用 ",[406,2465,2466],{},"is working",[11,2468,164],{"id":164},[166,2470,2471,2478,2492],{},[32,2472,2473,2474,2477],{},"寫完 email 或 PR 描述後，把每個 is \u002F are 前面的",[20,2475,2476],{},"主詞核心","圈出來，確認單複數一致。",[32,2479,2480,2481,2484,2485,2280,2488,2491],{},"特別留意 ",[216,2482,2483],{},"of"," 片語、",[216,2486,2487],{},"there is \u002F are",[216,2489,2490],{},"each \u002F every"," 這三種情況——九成的錯誤都在這裡。",[32,2493,2494],{},"把自己常寫的句子改成否定句和疑問句各一次，確認沒有多加 do。",{"title":182,"searchDepth":183,"depth":183,"links":2496},[2497,2498,2499,2504,2508,2509,2510],{"id":1920,"depth":183,"text":1921},{"id":1962,"depth":183,"text":1963},{"id":2047,"depth":183,"text":2048,"children":2500},[2501,2502,2503],{"id":2051,"depth":1019,"text":2052},{"id":2100,"depth":1019,"text":2101},{"id":2119,"depth":1019,"text":2120},{"id":2145,"depth":183,"text":2146,"children":2505},[2506,2507],{"id":2149,"depth":1019,"text":2150},{"id":2173,"depth":1019,"text":2174},{"id":2198,"depth":183,"text":2199},{"id":2287,"depth":183,"text":2288},{"id":164,"depth":183,"text":164},"2026-03-08",{},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fam-is-are",{"title":1915,"description":182},"english\u002Fam-is-are",[200,1033,1127],"M1NsLj7chQxkNYfT2Hsuvvnb-ypE92Gl5AF21hhMD3Q",{"id":2519,"title":2520,"body":2521,"date":3290,"description":182,"excerpt":192,"extension":193,"meta":3291,"navigation":195,"path":3292,"seo":3293,"stem":3294,"tags":3295,"__hash__":3297},"english\u002Fenglish\u002Fbasic-sentence-structure.md","英文句子的基本語法：詞性、句子成分與五大基本句型",{"type":8,"value":2522,"toc":3271},[2523,2526,2533,2540,2550,2552,2556,2697,2706,2710,2797,2815,2819,2823,2826,2830,2851,2855,2881,2885,2890,2894,2919,2923,2949,2953,2956,2960,2987,2991,3004,3008,3022,3026,3042,3046,3067,3071,3077,3081,3094,3098,3117,3121,3124,3128,3131,3135,3152,3156,3163,3167,3188,3192,3199,3203,3216,3220,3246,3248],[11,2524,2525],{"id":2525},"為什麼要先懂句子結構",[16,2527,2528,2529,2532],{},"遇到長句子看不懂，多半不是因為單字不認得，而是",[20,2530,2531],{},"分不清哪個字在句子裡扮演什麼角色","：\n哪個是真正的動詞？主詞到哪裡結束？後面那一串是受詞還是修飾語？",[16,2534,2535,2536,2539],{},"英文句子其實很「規律」：不管多長，骨架永遠是 ",[20,2537,2538],{},"主詞 + 動詞","，再依動詞的性質接上受詞或補語，\n其餘的形容詞、副詞、介系詞片語都只是修飾。只要先把骨架抓出來，再長的句子也能拆開。",[16,2541,2542,2543,2545,2546,2549],{},"這篇會先介紹 ",[20,2544,287],{},"（每個字是什麼）和 ",[20,2547,2548],{},"句子成分","（每個字在句子裡做什麼），\n再用五大基本句型逐句拆解。例句中每個字下方的底線顏色代表詞性，括號標示它在句子中的角色。",[371,2551],{},[11,2553,2555],{"id":2554},"一詞性每個字是什麼","一、詞性：每個字「是什麼」",[271,2557,2558,2572],{},[274,2559,2560],{},[277,2561,2562,2564,2567,2570],{},[280,2563,287],{},[280,2565,2566],{},"英文",[280,2568,2569],{},"功能",[280,2571,1088],{},[292,2573,2574,2588,2602,2615,2628,2642,2656,2669,2683],{},[277,2575,2576,2579,2582,2585],{},[297,2577,2578],{},"名詞",[297,2580,2581],{},"noun (n.)",[297,2583,2584],{},"人、事、物、概念的名稱",[297,2586,2587],{},"engineer, server, idea",[277,2589,2590,2593,2596,2599],{},[297,2591,2592],{},"代名詞",[297,2594,2595],{},"pronoun (pron.)",[297,2597,2598],{},"代替名詞，避免重複",[297,2600,2601],{},"he, they, it, our, who",[277,2603,2604,2606,2609,2612],{},[297,2605,1682],{},[297,2607,2608],{},"verb (v.)",[297,2610,2611],{},"表示動作或狀態，是句子的核心",[297,2613,2614],{},"deploy, review, become",[277,2616,2617,2619,2622,2625],{},[297,2618,1948],{},[297,2620,2621],{},"auxiliary (aux.)",[297,2623,2624],{},"幫主要動詞表達時態、語氣、疑問",[297,2626,2627],{},"will, can, has, could",[277,2629,2630,2633,2636,2639],{},[297,2631,2632],{},"形容詞",[297,2634,2635],{},"adjective (adj.)",[297,2637,2638],{},"修飾名詞",[297,2640,2641],{},"reliable, detailed, new",[277,2643,2644,2647,2650,2653],{},[297,2645,2646],{},"副詞",[297,2648,2649],{},"adverb (adv.)",[297,2651,2652],{},"修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整句",[297,2654,2655],{},"carefully, finally, very",[277,2657,2658,2660,2663,2666],{},[297,2659,1606],{},[297,2661,2662],{},"preposition (prep.)",[297,2664,2665],{},"接在名詞前面，表示時間、地點、關係",[297,2667,2668],{},"in, on, during, of",[277,2670,2671,2674,2677,2680],{},[297,2672,2673],{},"連接詞",[297,2675,2676],{},"conjunction (conj.)",[297,2678,2679],{},"連接單字、片語或子句",[297,2681,2682],{},"and, but, because",[277,2684,2685,2688,2691,2694],{},[297,2686,2687],{},"冠詞／限定詞",[297,2689,2690],{},"article \u002F determiner",[297,2692,2693],{},"放在名詞前，限定範圍",[297,2695,2696],{},"a, the, every, all",[228,2698,2699],{},[16,2700,2701,2702,2705],{},"同一個字可以有不同詞性。例如 ",[20,2703,2704],{},"release"," 在 \"We release on Friday\" 是動詞，\n在 \"the final release\" 是名詞——判斷詞性要看它在句子裡的位置，而不是查字典的第一個意思。",[11,2707,2709],{"id":2708},"二句子成分每個字做什麼","二、句子成分：每個字「做什麼」",[271,2711,2712,2728],{},[274,2713,2714],{},[277,2715,2716,2719,2722,2725],{},[280,2717,2718],{},"成分",[280,2720,2721],{},"符號",[280,2723,2724],{},"說明",[280,2726,2727],{},"通常由什麼詞性擔任",[292,2729,2730,2743,2756,2769,2783],{},[277,2731,2732,2734,2737,2740],{},[297,2733,436],{},[297,2735,2736],{},"S (Subject)",[297,2738,2739],{},"動作的執行者、句子在講誰",[297,2741,2742],{},"名詞、代名詞、名詞片語",[277,2744,2745,2747,2750,2753],{},[297,2746,1682],{},[297,2748,2749],{},"V (Verb)",[297,2751,2752],{},"主詞做了什麼、處於什麼狀態",[297,2754,2755],{},"動詞（可搭配助動詞）",[277,2757,2758,2761,2764,2767],{},[297,2759,2760],{},"受詞",[297,2762,2763],{},"O (Object)",[297,2765,2766],{},"動作的承受對象",[297,2768,2742],{},[277,2770,2771,2774,2777,2780],{},[297,2772,2773],{},"補語",[297,2775,2776],{},"C (Complement)",[297,2778,2779],{},"補充說明主詞或受詞「是什麼、怎麼樣」",[297,2781,2782],{},"形容詞、名詞",[277,2784,2785,2788,2791,2794],{},[297,2786,2787],{},"修飾語",[297,2789,2790],{},"M (Modifier)",[297,2792,2793],{},"補充時間、地點、方式、原因，拿掉句子仍成立",[297,2795,2796],{},"副詞、介系詞片語",[16,2798,2799,2802,2803,2806,2807,2810,2811,2814],{},[20,2800,2801],{},"拆句子的訣竅：先找動詞。"," 動詞決定了後面要接什麼——\n接受詞的叫",[20,2804,2805],{},"及物動詞","（review, send），不接的叫",[20,2808,2809],{},"不及物動詞","（crash, work），\n接補語的叫",[20,2812,2813],{},"連綴動詞","（be, become, seem, sound）。",[11,2816,2818],{"id":2817},"三五大基本句型","三、五大基本句型",[378,2820,2822],{"id":2821},"句型-1s-v主詞-不及物動詞","句型 1：S + V（主詞 + 不及物動詞）",[16,2824,2825],{},"動詞本身就能表達完整意思，後面不需要受詞。看起來很長的句子，拿掉修飾語後可能只剩兩個字。",[383,2827],{":groups":2828,"zh":2829},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"old\",\"adj\"],[\"server\",\"n\"],[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"data\",\"n\"],[\"center\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"finally\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"crashed\",\"v\",\"動詞過去式\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"during\",\"prep\"],[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"night's\",\"n\",\"名詞所有格\"],[\"maintenance\",\"n\"],[\"window.\",\"n\"]]}]","我們資料中心裡那台老舊的伺服器，終於在昨晚的維護時段當機了。",[16,2831,2832,2834,2835,2838,2839,2842,2843,2846,2847,2850],{},[20,2833,391],{}," 骨架只有 ",[20,2836,2837],{},"The server crashed","（伺服器當機了）。\n",[406,2840,2841],{},"in our data center"," 是修飾 server 的介系詞片語，屬於主詞的一部分；\n",[406,2844,2845],{},"finally"," 修飾動詞；",[406,2848,2849],{},"during last night's maintenance window"," 說明時間。",[383,2852],{":groups":2853,"zh":2854},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"Most\",\"pron\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"senior\",\"adj\"],[\"engineers\",\"n\"],[\"on\",\"prep\"],[\"our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"work\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"remotely\",\"adv\"],[\"from\",\"prep\"],[\"different\",\"adj\"],[\"countries.\",\"n\"]]}]","我們團隊裡大部分的資深工程師，都在不同國家遠端工作。",[16,2856,2857,2859,2860,2863,2864,2867,2868,2870,2871,2874,2875,2877,2878,223],{},[20,2858,391],{}," 骨架是 ",[20,2861,2862],{},"Most work","。注意主詞的核心是 ",[406,2865,2866],{},"Most","，不是離動詞最近的 ",[406,2869,2138],{},"——\n",[406,2872,2873],{},"of the senior engineers on our team"," 全都是修飾語。這也是為什麼動詞用 ",[406,2876,1288],{},"（複數）而不是 ",[406,2879,2880],{},"works",[378,2882,2884],{"id":2883},"句型-2s-v-c主詞-連綴動詞-主詞補語","句型 2：S + V + C（主詞 + 連綴動詞 + 主詞補語）",[16,2886,2887,2888,223],{},"連綴動詞（be, become, seem, sound, look, feel, remain…）本身沒有具體動作，\n需要補語來說明主詞「是什麼」或「變得怎樣」。補語描述的對象是",[20,2889,436],{},[383,2891],{":groups":2892,"zh":2893},"[{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"After\",\"prep\"],[\"several\",\"det\"],[\"rounds\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"refactoring,\",\"n\",\"動名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"legacy\",\"adj\"],[\"codebase\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"finally\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"became\",\"v\",\"連綴動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"readable\",\"adj\"],[\"and\",\"conj\"],[\"easy\",\"adj\"],[\"to\",\"inf\"],[\"maintain.\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]}]","經過好幾輪重構之後，這套舊程式碼終於變得好讀又容易維護。",[16,2895,2896,2859,2898,1569,2901,1477,2904,2907,2908,2911,2912,2915,2916,2918],{},[20,2897,391],{},[20,2899,2900],{},"the codebase became readable and easy to maintain",[406,2902,2903],{},"readable",[406,2905,2906],{},"easy"," 都是形容詞，用 ",[406,2909,2910],{},"and"," 連接，描述的是主詞 codebase 的狀態。\n",[406,2913,2914],{},"refactoring"," 是動詞加 -ing 當名詞用（動名詞），放在介系詞 ",[406,2917,2483],{}," 後面。",[383,2920],{":groups":2921,"zh":2922},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"Her\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"explanation\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"caching\",\"n\",\"動名詞\"],[\"strategy\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"sounded\",\"v\",\"連綴動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"surprisingly\",\"adv\"],[\"clear\",\"adj\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"prep\"],[\"everyone\",\"pron\"],[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"meeting.\",\"n\"]]}]","她對快取策略的說明，讓會議上的每個人都覺得出乎意料地清楚。",[16,2924,2925,544,2927,2930,2931,2934,2935,2938,2939,2941,2942,2945,2946,2948],{},[20,2926,391],{},[406,2928,2929],{},"sounded"," 在這裡不是「發出聲音」，而是連綴動詞「聽起來」。\n補語的核心是形容詞 ",[406,2932,2933],{},"clear","，而副詞 ",[406,2936,2937],{},"surprisingly"," 修飾形容詞 ",[406,2940,2933],{},"。\n常見錯誤是寫成 ",[418,2943,2944],{},"sounded clearly","——連綴動詞後面要接",[20,2947,2632],{},"，不是副詞。",[378,2950,2952],{"id":2951},"句型-3s-v-o主詞-及物動詞-受詞","句型 3：S + V + O（主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞）",[16,2954,2955],{},"最常見的句型。及物動詞後面一定要接受詞，否則意思不完整（\"Our team reviewed.\" 會讓人問：審了什麼？）。",[383,2957],{":groups":2958,"zh":2959},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"Our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"carefully\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"reviewed\",\"v\",\"及物動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"every\",\"det\"],[\"pull\",\"n\"],[\"request\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"before\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"final\",\"adj\"],[\"release\",\"n\"],[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"Friday.\",\"n\"]]}]","上週五正式發布前，我們團隊仔細審查了每一個 pull request。",[16,2961,2962,2859,2964,1569,2967,2970,2971,2974,2975,2978,2979,2982,2983,2986],{},[20,2963,391],{},[20,2965,2966],{},"Our team reviewed every pull request",[406,2968,2969],{},"pull request"," 是兩個名詞組成的複合名詞，",[406,2972,2973],{},"pull"," 在這裡當名詞修飾 ",[406,2976,2977],{},"request","。\n句尾兩個修飾語 ",[406,2980,2981],{},"before the final release"," 與 ",[406,2984,2985],{},"last Friday"," 都在說明時間。",[383,2988],{":groups":2989,"zh":2990},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"product\",\"n\"],[\"manager\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"will\",\"aux\"],[\"present\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"detailed\",\"adj\",\"形容詞（分詞）\"],[\"proposal\",\"n\"],[\"for\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"feature\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"at\",\"prep\"],[\"tomorrow's\",\"n\",\"名詞所有格\"],[\"meeting.\",\"n\"]]}]","產品經理會在明天的會議上，提出一份新功能的詳細企劃。",[16,2992,2993,2995,2996,2999,3000,3003],{},[20,2994,391],{}," 動詞部分是 ",[20,2997,2998],{},"助動詞 will + 原形動詞 present","，表示未來。\n",[406,3001,3002],{},"detailed"," 原本是動詞 detail 的過去分詞，在這裡當形容詞修飾 proposal。",[378,3005,3007],{"id":3006},"句型-4s-v-o-o主詞-授與動詞-間接受詞-直接受詞","句型 4：S + V + O + O（主詞 + 授與動詞 + 間接受詞 + 直接受詞）",[16,3009,3010,3011,2445,3014,3017,3018,3021],{},"give, send, show, tell, offer, teach 這類「給予」動詞可以接",[20,3012,3013],{},"兩個受詞",[20,3015,3016],{},"間接受詞","（給誰，通常是人）在前，",[20,3019,3020],{},"直接受詞","（給什麼，通常是物）在後。",[383,3023],{":groups":3024,"zh":3025},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"My\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"manager\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"gave\",\"v\",\"授與動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"間接受詞 IO\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"intern\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"直接受詞 DO\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"detailed\",\"adj\"],[\"overview\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"system\",\"n\"],[\"architecture\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"on\",\"prep\"],[\"her\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"first\",\"adj\"],[\"day.\",\"n\"]]}]","我的主管在新實習生上班第一天，給了她一份系統架構的詳細介紹。",[16,3027,3028,3030,3031,3041],{},[20,3029,391],{}," 這個句型可以改寫成 S + V + O 加介系詞片語：\n",[216,3032,3033,3034,3037,3038,67],{},"My manager gave ",[20,3035,3036],{},"a detailed overview of the system architecture"," to ",[20,3039,3040],{},"the new intern","\n當直接受詞很長時，把「人」放在前面（原句的寫法）通常讀起來更順。",[383,3043],{":groups":3044,"zh":3045},"[{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"Could\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"you\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"send\",\"v\",\"授與動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"間接受詞 IO\",\"words\":[[\"me\",\"pron\",\"受格代名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"直接受詞 DO\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"latest\",\"adj\",\"形容詞最高級\"],[\"version\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"API\",\"n\"],[\"documentation\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"before\",\"prep\"],[\"lunch?\",\"n\"]]}]","你可以在午餐前寄給我最新版的 API 文件嗎？",[16,3047,3048,3050,3051,3054,3055,3058,3059,3062,3063,3066],{},[20,3049,391],{}," 疑問句把",[20,3052,3053],{},"助動詞 Could 移到主詞前面","，主要動詞 ",[406,3056,3057],{},"send"," 維持原形。\n把問句還原成直述句就是 ",[216,3060,3061],{},"You could send me the latest version…","，結構和上一句完全相同。\n",[406,3064,3065],{},"me"," 是受格代名詞——當受詞時要用 me \u002F him \u002F her \u002F them，而不是 I \u002F he \u002F she \u002F they。",[378,3068,3070],{"id":3069},"句型-5s-v-o-c主詞-動詞-受詞-受詞補語","句型 5：S + V + O + C（主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語）",[16,3072,3073,3074,3076],{},"受詞後面還需要一個補語來說明",[20,3075,2760],{},"的狀態或身分，否則意思不完整。\n常見動詞有 make, keep, find, consider, call, elect, leave。",[383,3078],{":groups":3079,"zh":3080},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"unexpected\",\"adj\"],[\"traffic\",\"n\"],[\"spike\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"kept\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"entire\",\"adj\"],[\"on-call\",\"adj\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"awake\",\"adj\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"all\",\"det\"],[\"night.\",\"n\"]]}]","突如其來的流量高峰，讓整個值班團隊整晚都沒辦法睡。",[16,3082,3083,3085,3086,3089,3090,3093],{},[20,3084,391],{}," 比較句型 2 和句型 5：",[216,3087,3088],{},"The team stayed awake."," 裡 awake 描述主詞（主詞補語）；\n本句的 ",[406,3091,3092],{},"awake"," 描述的是受詞 the team（受詞補語）。\n拿掉 awake 變成 \"The spike kept the team\"，意思就不完整了——這就是補語「必要」的地方。",[383,3095],{":groups":3096,"zh":3097},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"board\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"directors\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"elected\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"Sarah\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"chief\",\"adj\"],[\"technology\",\"n\"],[\"officer\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"month.\",\"n\"]]}]","董事會上個月選出 Sarah 擔任新任技術長。",[16,3099,3100,3102,3103,223,3106,1477,3109,3112,3113,3116],{},[20,3101,391],{}," 受詞補語也可以是",[20,3104,3105],{},"名詞片語",[406,3107,3108],{},"Sarah",[406,3110,3111],{},"the new chief technology officer","\n指的是同一個人，可以想成 ",[216,3114,3115],{},"Sarah = the new CTO","，這是判斷受詞補語的好方法；\n而句型 4 的兩個受詞（the intern ≠ an overview）就不是同一個東西。",[11,3118,3120],{"id":3119},"四把句子接起來複合句與複雜句","四、把句子接起來：複合句與複雜句",[16,3122,3123],{},"五大句型是「單句」。實際寫作時常把兩個以上的句子接在一起，主要有兩種方式。",[378,3125,3127],{"id":3126},"對等連接詞兩個地位相等的句子","對等連接詞：兩個地位相等的句子",[16,3129,3130],{},"用 and, but, or, so 連接兩個完整的句子，每一邊都有自己的主詞和動詞。",[383,3132],{":groups":3133,"zh":3134},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"tests\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"passed\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"on\",\"prep\"],[\"my\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"laptop,\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"對等連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"but\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"they\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"failed\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"repeatedly\",\"adv\"],[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"CI\",\"n\"],[\"pipeline.\",\"n\"]]}]","測試在我的筆電上都通過了，但在 CI pipeline 裡卻一直失敗。",[16,3136,3137,3139,3140,3143,3144,3147,3148,3151],{},[20,3138,391],{}," 兩個 S + V 句型用 ",[406,3141,3142],{},"but"," 接起來。\n常見錯誤是只用逗號連接兩個完整句子（",[418,3145,3146],{},"The tests passed, they failed in CI.","），\n英文裡這叫 ",[216,3149,3150],{},"comma splice","，中間一定要有連接詞，或改用句號、分號。",[378,3153,3155],{"id":3154},"從屬連接詞主要子句-從屬子句","從屬連接詞：主要子句 + 從屬子句",[16,3157,3158,3159,3162],{},"because, although, when, if, while 等從屬連接詞會帶出一個",[20,3160,3161],{},"副詞子句","，用來補充原因、條件、時間。\n從屬子句本身不能單獨成句。",[383,3164],{":groups":3165,"zh":3166},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"We\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"postponed\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"release\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"從屬連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"because\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"security\",\"n\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"found\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"critical\",\"adj\"],[\"vulnerability\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"login\",\"n\"],[\"module.\",\"n\"]]}]","我們延後了發布，因為資安團隊在登入模組裡發現了一個嚴重漏洞。",[16,3168,3169,3171,3172,3175,3176,3179,3180,3183,3184,3187],{},[20,3170,391],{}," 主要子句 ",[216,3173,3174],{},"We postponed the release"," 是 S + V + O；\n",[406,3177,3178],{},"because"," 帶出的從屬子句 ",[216,3181,3182],{},"the security team found a critical vulnerability"," 也是 S + V + O。\n從屬子句也可以放到句首：",[216,3185,3186],{},"Because the security team found…, we postponed the release.","（放句首時要加逗號）。",[378,3189,3191],{"id":3190},"關係代名詞用子句修飾名詞","關係代名詞：用子句修飾名詞",[16,3193,3194,3195,3198],{},"who, which, that 引導的",[20,3196,3197],{},"形容詞子句","放在名詞後面，用一整個子句來修飾那個名詞。",[383,3200],{":groups":3201,"zh":3202},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"engineer\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"形容詞子句（修飾 engineer）\",\"words\":[[\"who\",\"pron\",\"關係代名詞\"],[\"designed\",\"v\"],[\"this\",\"det\"],[\"system\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"left\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"company\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"year.\",\"n\"]]}]","設計這套系統的那位工程師，去年離開了公司。",[16,3204,3205,3207,3208,3211,3212,3215],{},[20,3206,391],{}," 主要句子是 ",[20,3209,3210],{},"The engineer left the company","（S + V + O），\n",[406,3213,3214],{},"who designed this system"," 夾在主詞和動詞中間，告訴我們是「哪一位」工程師。\n讀長句時，看到 who \u002F which \u002F that 就先把整個子句括起來，句子骨架馬上就清楚了。",[11,3217,3219],{"id":3218},"五拆解任何句子的四個步驟","五、拆解任何句子的四個步驟",[166,3221,3222,3228,3234,3240],{},[32,3223,3224,3227],{},[20,3225,3226],{},"找動詞","：先找出主要動詞（含助動詞），注意關係子句、從屬子句裡的動詞不是主要動詞。",[32,3229,3230,3233],{},[20,3231,3232],{},"找主詞","：問「是誰／什麼在做這個動作？」——主詞的核心通常是動詞前面、介系詞片語之外的那個名詞。",[32,3235,3236,3239],{},[20,3237,3238],{},"看動詞後面接什麼","：沒有東西 → 句型 1；形容詞或名詞描述主詞 → 句型 2；\n一個受詞 → 句型 3；兩個受詞 → 句型 4；受詞後面還有描述它的補語 → 句型 5。",[32,3241,3242,3245],{},[20,3243,3244],{},"剩下的都是修飾語","：副詞、介系詞片語、子句，先括起來，理解骨架後再加回去。",[11,3247,164],{"id":164},[166,3249,3250,3257,3260],{},[32,3251,3252,3253,3256],{},"每天從工作上的英文文件或 email 裡挑 ",[20,3254,3255],{},"一個長句","，照上面四個步驟標出 S、V、O、C。",[32,3258,3259],{},"把骨架抄下來，再自己加上不同的修飾語，造出一個新的長句。",[32,3261,3262,3263,3266,3267,3270],{},"刻意練習句型 4 和句型 5——這兩種在中文母語者的寫作裡最少見，\n也最容易寫錯成 ",[418,3264,3265],{},"explain me the problem","（explain 不能接兩個受詞，要用 ",[216,3268,3269],{},"explain the problem to me","）。",{"title":182,"searchDepth":183,"depth":183,"links":3272},[3273,3274,3275,3276,3283,3288,3289],{"id":2525,"depth":183,"text":2525},{"id":2554,"depth":183,"text":2555},{"id":2708,"depth":183,"text":2709},{"id":2817,"depth":183,"text":2818,"children":3277},[3278,3279,3280,3281,3282],{"id":2821,"depth":1019,"text":2822},{"id":2883,"depth":1019,"text":2884},{"id":2951,"depth":1019,"text":2952},{"id":3006,"depth":1019,"text":3007},{"id":3069,"depth":1019,"text":3070},{"id":3119,"depth":183,"text":3120,"children":3284},[3285,3286,3287],{"id":3126,"depth":1019,"text":3127},{"id":3154,"depth":1019,"text":3155},{"id":3190,"depth":1019,"text":3191},{"id":3218,"depth":183,"text":3219},{"id":164,"depth":183,"text":164},"2026-03-01",{},"\u002Fenglish\u002Fbasic-sentence-structure",{"title":2520,"description":182},"english\u002Fbasic-sentence-structure",[200,1033,3296],"句型","f5VZVFdgztcgBhuhWQPGaI3tkhHi2LeTAlLy5Fk5nnM",1792959149539]