[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":649},["ShallowReactive",2],{"english-\u002Fenglish\u002Fam-is-are":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":637,"description":619,"excerpt":638,"extension":639,"meta":640,"navigation":641,"path":642,"seo":643,"stem":644,"tags":645,"__hash__":648},"english\u002Fenglish\u002Fam-is-are.md","be 動詞 am \u002F is \u002F are：用法、主詞搭配與容易搞錯的地方",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":618},"minimark",[9,14,27,30,54,57,61,68,141,152,156,161,166,183,187,211,215,219,231,235,239,258,262,266,270,286,290,294,311,315,322,390,405,409,416,552,556,589,592],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"be-動詞在做什麼","be 動詞在做什麼",[15,16,17,18,22,23,26],"p",{},"一般動詞表示「動作」（deploy、review、send），be 動詞則表示「",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"狀態","」：\n它本身沒有具體意思，作用是把主詞和後面的說明",[19,24,25],{},"連起來","，類似中文的「是／在／很」。",[15,28,29],{},"be 動詞在英文裡有兩種身分：",[31,32,33,40],"ol",{},[34,35,36,39],"li",{},[19,37,38],{},"主要動詞","：後面接名詞、形容詞或地點，說明主詞「是什麼、怎麼樣、在哪裡」。",[34,41,42,45,46,49,50,53],{},[19,43,44],{},"助動詞","：搭配其他動詞，組成",[19,47,48],{},"進行式","（be + V-ing）和",[19,51,52],{},"被動式","（be + 過去分詞）。",[55,56],"pos-legend",{},[10,58,60],{"id":59},"一主詞決定用哪一個","一、主詞決定用哪一個",[15,62,63,64,67],{},"現在式的 be 動詞有三種形式，由",[19,65,66],{},"主詞","決定：",[69,70,71,89],"table",{},[72,73,74],"thead",{},[75,76,77,80,83,86],"tr",{},[78,79,66],"th",{},[78,81,82],{},"be 動詞",[78,84,85],{},"縮寫",[78,87,88],{},"否定縮寫",[90,91,92,109,125],"tbody",{},[75,93,94,98,103,106],{},[95,96,97],"td",{},"I",[95,99,100],{},[19,101,102],{},"am",[95,104,105],{},"I'm",[95,107,108],{},"I'm not",[75,110,111,114,119,122],{},[95,112,113],{},"he \u002F she \u002F it、單數名詞、不可數名詞",[95,115,116],{},[19,117,118],{},"is",[95,120,121],{},"he's \u002F it's",[95,123,124],{},"isn't",[75,126,127,130,135,138],{},[95,128,129],{},"you \u002F we \u002F they、複數名詞",[95,131,132],{},[19,133,134],{},"are",[95,136,137],{},"you're \u002F they're",[95,139,140],{},"aren't",[15,142,143,144,147,148,151],{},"過去式只有兩種：I \u002F he \u002F she \u002F it 用 ",[19,145,146],{},"was","，you \u002F we \u002F they 用 ",[19,149,150],{},"were","。",[10,153,155],{"id":154},"二be-動詞當主要動詞的三種用法","二、be 動詞當主要動詞的三種用法",[157,158,160],"h3",{"id":159},"_1-be-形容詞說明狀態特質","1. be + 形容詞：說明狀態、特質",[162,163],"en-sentence",{":groups":164,"zh":165},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"I\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"am\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"responsible\",\"adj\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"for\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"payment\",\"n\"],[\"service\",\"n\"],[\"and\",\"conj\"],[\"its\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"monitoring\",\"n\"],[\"dashboards.\",\"n\"]]}]","我負責金流服務以及它的監控儀表板。",[15,167,168,171,172,151,174,178,179,182],{},[19,169,170],{},"結構分析："," I 配 ",[19,173,102],{},[175,176,177],"code",{},"responsible"," 是形容詞，描述主詞 I 的狀態，\n",[175,180,181],{},"be responsible for…","（負責…）是職場上極常用的搭配。",[162,184],{":groups":185,"zh":186},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"monitoring\",\"n\"],[\"dashboard\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"is\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"much\",\"adv\"],[\"easier\",\"adj\",\"形容詞比較級\"],[\"to\",\"inf\"],[\"read\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"than\",\"conj\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"old\",\"adj\"],[\"one.\",\"pron\"]]}]","新的監控儀表板比舊的那個好讀太多了。",[15,188,189,191,192,195,196,198,199,202,203,206,207,210],{},[19,190,170],{}," 主詞核心是單數名詞 ",[175,193,194],{},"dashboard","，所以用 ",[19,197,118],{},"。\n",[175,200,201],{},"much"," 是副詞，用來加強比較級 ",[175,204,205],{},"easier","；句尾的 ",[175,208,209],{},"one"," 是代名詞，代替前面的 dashboard，避免重複。",[157,212,214],{"id":213},"_2-be-名詞說明身分是什麼","2. be + 名詞：說明身分、是什麼",[162,216],{":groups":217,"zh":218},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"root\",\"adj\"],[\"cause\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"outage\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"was\",\"v\",\"be 動詞過去式\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"misconfigured\",\"adj\",\"形容詞（分詞）\"],[\"load\",\"n\"],[\"balancer\",\"n\"],[\"rule.\",\"n\"]]}]","這次停機的根本原因，是一份設定錯誤的負載平衡器規則。",[15,220,221,223,224,228,229,151],{},[19,222,170],{}," be + 名詞時，主詞和補語指的是同一件事：",[225,226,227],"em",{},"the root cause = a misconfigured rule","。\n事情已經發生，所以用過去式 ",[19,230,146],{},[157,232,234],{"id":233},"_3-be-地點說明在哪裡","3. be + 地點：說明在哪裡",[162,236],{":groups":237,"zh":238},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"Our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"backend\",\"adj\"],[\"engineers\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"are\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M（地點）\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"Taipei,\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"對等連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"but\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"design\",\"n\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"is\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"Tokyo\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"],[\"this\",\"det\"],[\"quarter.\",\"n\"]]}]","這一季我們的後端工程師在台北，而設計團隊在東京。",[15,240,241,243,244,247,248,250,251,254,255,257],{},[19,242,170],{}," 前半句的主詞是複數 ",[175,245,246],{},"engineers"," → ",[19,249,134],{},"；後半句的主詞是 ",[175,252,253],{},"team","（一個團隊）→ ",[19,256,118],{},"。\n同一句裡兩個主詞的單複數不同，be 動詞就要分開判斷。",[10,259,261],{"id":260},"三be-動詞當助動詞","三、be 動詞當助動詞",[157,263,265],{"id":264},"進行式be-v-ing正在做","進行式：be + V-ing（正在做）",[162,267],{":groups":268,"zh":269},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"DevOps\",\"n\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"is\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"],[\"migrating\",\"v\",\"現在分詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"all\",\"pron\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"services\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"prep\"],[\"Kubernetes\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"],[\"this\",\"det\"],[\"month.\",\"n\"]]}]","DevOps 團隊這個月正在把我們所有的服務搬到 Kubernetes 上。",[15,271,272,274,275,277,278,281,282,285],{},[19,273,170],{}," 這裡的 ",[175,276,118],{}," 本身沒有「是」的意思，只是幫 ",[175,279,280],{},"migrating"," 組成進行式。\n真正的動作是 migrate，",[175,283,284],{},"all of our services"," 是它的受詞。",[157,287,289],{"id":288},"被動式be-過去分詞被","被動式：be + 過去分詞（被…）",[162,291],{":groups":292,"zh":293},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"These\",\"det\"],[\"alerts\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"are\",\"aux\",\"助動詞 be\"],[\"triggered\",\"v\",\"過去分詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"automatically\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"從屬連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"when\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"error\",\"n\"],[\"rate\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"exceeds\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"five\",\"adj\",\"數詞\"],[\"percent.\",\"n\"]]}]","當錯誤率超過百分之五時，這些告警會自動被觸發。",[15,295,296,298,299,302,303,306,307,310],{},[19,297,170],{}," 告警不會自己觸發，是「被」系統觸發，所以用 ",[19,300,301],{},"are + triggered","。\n注意從屬子句的主詞 ",[175,304,305],{},"the error rate"," 是單數，所以動詞是 ",[175,308,309],{},"exceeds","（加 s）。",[10,312,314],{"id":313},"四否定句與疑問句","四、否定句與疑問句",[15,316,317,318,321],{},"be 動詞的否定和疑問",[19,319,320],{},"不需要 do","，直接在 be 動詞上變化：",[323,324,325,358],"ul",{},[34,326,327,328,331],{},"否定：be 動詞後面加 ",[19,329,330],{},"not",[323,332,333,341,350],{},[34,334,335],{},[225,336,337,338,340],{},"The staging environment ",[19,339,124],{}," stable enough for a load test yet.",[34,342,343],{},[225,344,345,346,349],{},"I'",[19,347,348],{},"m not"," sure whether the hotfix is ready for production.",[34,351,352],{},[225,353,354,355,357],{},"The logs ",[19,356,140],{}," showing any errors, which makes this bug even harder to track down.",[34,359,360,361,364],{},"疑問：把 be 動詞",[19,362,363],{},"移到主詞前面",[323,365,366,374,382],{},[34,367,368],{},[225,369,370,373],{},[19,371,372],{},"Are"," you available for a quick call after the stand-up this afternoon?",[34,375,376],{},[225,377,378,381],{},[19,379,380],{},"Is"," the API gateway down again, or is it just my network?",[34,383,384],{},[225,385,386,389],{},[19,387,388],{},"Were"," the customers notified before we started the maintenance?",[391,392,393],"blockquote",{},[15,394,395,396,400,401,404],{},"常見錯誤：",[397,398,399],"del",{},"Do you are ready?","、",[397,402,403],{},"I don't am sure."," — be 動詞句子不要再加 do。\n什麼時候用 do、什麼時候用 be，另一篇〈Do you 還是 Are you〉有完整整理。",[10,406,408],{"id":407},"五主詞到底是單數還是複數","五、主詞到底是單數還是複數？",[15,410,411,412,415],{},"be 動詞寫錯，大多不是不會變化，而是",[19,413,414],{},"判斷錯主詞","。以下是工作上最常見的陷阱：",[69,417,418,429],{},[72,419,420],{},[75,421,422,424,426],{},[78,423,66],{},[78,425,82],{},[78,427,428],{},"例句",[90,430,431,451,466,481,496,511,526,541],{},[75,432,433,436,439],{},[95,434,435],{},"介系詞片語不影響主詞",[95,437,438],{},"看核心名詞",[95,440,441],{},[225,442,443,444,447,448,450],{},"The list ",[19,445,446],{},"of open issues"," ",[19,449,118],{}," getting longer every sprint.",[75,452,453,456,458],{},[95,454,455],{},"each \u002F every \u002F everyone",[95,457,118],{},[95,459,460],{},[225,461,462,463,465],{},"Each of the microservices ",[19,464,118],{}," deployed independently.",[75,467,468,471,473],{},[95,469,470],{},"團隊、公司（視為一個整體）",[95,472,118],{},[95,474,475],{},[225,476,477,478,480],{},"Our team ",[19,479,118],{}," responsible for the on-call rotation this week.",[75,482,483,486,488],{},[95,484,485],{},"不可數名詞：data、information、feedback",[95,487,118],{},[95,489,490],{},[225,491,492,493,495],{},"The feedback from the beta users ",[19,494,118],{}," mostly positive.",[75,497,498,501,503],{},[95,499,500],{},"動名詞或 to V 當主詞",[95,502,118],{},[95,504,505],{},[225,506,507,508,510],{},"Writing clear commit messages ",[19,509,118],{}," harder than it looks.",[75,512,513,516,518],{},[95,514,515],{},"the number of + 複數名詞",[95,517,118],{},[95,519,520],{},[225,521,522,523,525],{},"The number of active users ",[19,524,118],{}," growing faster than we expected.",[75,527,528,531,533],{},[95,529,530],{},"a number of + 複數名詞",[95,532,134],{},[95,534,535],{},[225,536,537,538,540],{},"A number of customers ",[19,539,134],{}," reporting slow page loads.",[75,542,543,546,549],{},[95,544,545],{},"there is \u002F there are",[95,547,548],{},"看後面的名詞",[95,550,551],{},"見下方例句",[162,553],{":groups":554,"zh":555},"[{\"role\":\"引導詞\",\"words\":[[\"There\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"are\",\"v\",\"be 動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"still\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"真正主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"three\",\"adj\",\"數詞\"],[\"critical\",\"adj\"],[\"bugs\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"backlog\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"形容詞子句\",\"words\":[[\"that\",\"pron\",\"關係代名詞\"],[\"nobody\",\"pron\"],[\"is\",\"aux\"],[\"working\",\"v\",\"現在分詞\"],[\"on.\",\"prep\"]]}]","backlog 裡還有三個嚴重的 bug 沒有人在處理。",[15,557,558,447,560,563,564,567,568,571,572,574,575,581,582,585,586,151],{},[19,559,170],{},[175,561,562],{},"There"," 只是引導詞，不是真正的主詞。真正的主詞在 be 動詞",[19,565,566],{},"後面","：\n",[175,569,570],{},"three critical bugs"," 是複數 → ",[19,573,134],{},"。如果改成 ",[225,576,577,578,580],{},"There ",[19,579,118],{}," one critical bug…"," 就要用 is。\n另外，形容詞子句裡的主詞是 ",[175,583,584],{},"nobody","（單數），所以子句裡用 ",[175,587,588],{},"is working",[10,590,591],{"id":591},"練習方法",[31,593,594,601,615],{},[34,595,596,597,600],{},"寫完 email 或 PR 描述後，把每個 is \u002F are 前面的",[19,598,599],{},"主詞核心","圈出來，確認單複數一致。",[34,602,603,604,607,608,400,611,614],{},"特別留意 ",[225,605,606],{},"of"," 片語、",[225,609,610],{},"there is \u002F are",[225,612,613],{},"each \u002F every"," 這三種情況——九成的錯誤都在這裡。",[34,616,617],{},"把自己常寫的句子改成否定句和疑問句各一次，確認沒有多加 do。",{"title":619,"searchDepth":620,"depth":620,"links":621},"",2,[622,623,624,630,634,635,636],{"id":12,"depth":620,"text":13},{"id":59,"depth":620,"text":60},{"id":154,"depth":620,"text":155,"children":625},[626,628,629],{"id":159,"depth":627,"text":160},3,{"id":213,"depth":627,"text":214},{"id":233,"depth":627,"text":234},{"id":260,"depth":620,"text":261,"children":631},[632,633],{"id":264,"depth":627,"text":265},{"id":288,"depth":627,"text":289},{"id":313,"depth":620,"text":314},{"id":407,"depth":620,"text":408},{"id":591,"depth":620,"text":591},"2026-03-08",null,"md",{},true,"\u002Fenglish\u002Fam-is-are",{"title":5,"description":619},"english\u002Fam-is-are",[646,647,82],"英文學習","文法","M1NsLj7chQxkNYfT2Hsuvvnb-ypE92Gl5AF21hhMD3Q",1792959150155]