[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":827},["ShallowReactive",2],{"english-\u002Fenglish\u002Fbasic-sentence-structure":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":814,"description":793,"excerpt":815,"extension":816,"meta":817,"navigation":818,"path":819,"seo":820,"stem":821,"tags":822,"__hash__":826},"english\u002Fenglish\u002Fbasic-sentence-structure.md","英文句子的基本語法：詞性、句子成分與五大基本句型",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":792},"minimark",[9,13,22,29,40,43,47,198,208,212,300,318,322,327,330,335,358,362,391,395,400,404,432,436,464,468,471,475,502,506,519,523,538,542,560,564,585,589,595,599,612,616,635,639,642,646,649,653,670,674,681,685,706,710,717,721,734,738,766,769],[10,11,12],"h2",{"id":12},"為什麼要先懂句子結構",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"遇到長句子看不懂，多半不是因為單字不認得，而是",[18,19,20],"strong",{},"分不清哪個字在句子裡扮演什麼角色","：\n哪個是真正的動詞？主詞到哪裡結束？後面那一串是受詞還是修飾語？",[14,23,24,25,28],{},"英文句子其實很「規律」：不管多長，骨架永遠是 ",[18,26,27],{},"主詞 + 動詞","，再依動詞的性質接上受詞或補語，\n其餘的形容詞、副詞、介系詞片語都只是修飾。只要先把骨架抓出來，再長的句子也能拆開。",[14,30,31,32,35,36,39],{},"這篇會先介紹 ",[18,33,34],{},"詞性","（每個字是什麼）和 ",[18,37,38],{},"句子成分","（每個字在句子裡做什麼），\n再用五大基本句型逐句拆解。例句中每個字下方的底線顏色代表詞性，括號標示它在句子中的角色。",[41,42],"pos-legend",{},[10,44,46],{"id":45},"一詞性每個字是什麼","一、詞性：每個字「是什麼」",[48,49,50,68],"table",{},[51,52,53],"thead",{},[54,55,56,59,62,65],"tr",{},[57,58,34],"th",{},[57,60,61],{},"英文",[57,63,64],{},"功能",[57,66,67],{},"例子",[69,70,71,86,100,114,128,142,156,170,184],"tbody",{},[54,72,73,77,80,83],{},[74,75,76],"td",{},"名詞",[74,78,79],{},"noun (n.)",[74,81,82],{},"人、事、物、概念的名稱",[74,84,85],{},"engineer, server, idea",[54,87,88,91,94,97],{},[74,89,90],{},"代名詞",[74,92,93],{},"pronoun (pron.)",[74,95,96],{},"代替名詞，避免重複",[74,98,99],{},"he, they, it, our, who",[54,101,102,105,108,111],{},[74,103,104],{},"動詞",[74,106,107],{},"verb (v.)",[74,109,110],{},"表示動作或狀態，是句子的核心",[74,112,113],{},"deploy, review, become",[54,115,116,119,122,125],{},[74,117,118],{},"助動詞",[74,120,121],{},"auxiliary (aux.)",[74,123,124],{},"幫主要動詞表達時態、語氣、疑問",[74,126,127],{},"will, can, has, could",[54,129,130,133,136,139],{},[74,131,132],{},"形容詞",[74,134,135],{},"adjective (adj.)",[74,137,138],{},"修飾名詞",[74,140,141],{},"reliable, detailed, new",[54,143,144,147,150,153],{},[74,145,146],{},"副詞",[74,148,149],{},"adverb (adv.)",[74,151,152],{},"修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整句",[74,154,155],{},"carefully, finally, very",[54,157,158,161,164,167],{},[74,159,160],{},"介系詞",[74,162,163],{},"preposition (prep.)",[74,165,166],{},"接在名詞前面，表示時間、地點、關係",[74,168,169],{},"in, on, during, of",[54,171,172,175,178,181],{},[74,173,174],{},"連接詞",[74,176,177],{},"conjunction (conj.)",[74,179,180],{},"連接單字、片語或子句",[74,182,183],{},"and, but, because",[54,185,186,189,192,195],{},[74,187,188],{},"冠詞／限定詞",[74,190,191],{},"article \u002F determiner",[74,193,194],{},"放在名詞前，限定範圍",[74,196,197],{},"a, the, every, all",[199,200,201],"blockquote",{},[14,202,203,204,207],{},"同一個字可以有不同詞性。例如 ",[18,205,206],{},"release"," 在 \"We release on Friday\" 是動詞，\n在 \"the final release\" 是名詞——判斷詞性要看它在句子裡的位置，而不是查字典的第一個意思。",[10,209,211],{"id":210},"二句子成分每個字做什麼","二、句子成分：每個字「做什麼」",[48,213,214,230],{},[51,215,216],{},[54,217,218,221,224,227],{},[57,219,220],{},"成分",[57,222,223],{},"符號",[57,225,226],{},"說明",[57,228,229],{},"通常由什麼詞性擔任",[69,231,232,246,259,272,286],{},[54,233,234,237,240,243],{},[74,235,236],{},"主詞",[74,238,239],{},"S (Subject)",[74,241,242],{},"動作的執行者、句子在講誰",[74,244,245],{},"名詞、代名詞、名詞片語",[54,247,248,250,253,256],{},[74,249,104],{},[74,251,252],{},"V (Verb)",[74,254,255],{},"主詞做了什麼、處於什麼狀態",[74,257,258],{},"動詞（可搭配助動詞）",[54,260,261,264,267,270],{},[74,262,263],{},"受詞",[74,265,266],{},"O (Object)",[74,268,269],{},"動作的承受對象",[74,271,245],{},[54,273,274,277,280,283],{},[74,275,276],{},"補語",[74,278,279],{},"C (Complement)",[74,281,282],{},"補充說明主詞或受詞「是什麼、怎麼樣」",[74,284,285],{},"形容詞、名詞",[54,287,288,291,294,297],{},[74,289,290],{},"修飾語",[74,292,293],{},"M (Modifier)",[74,295,296],{},"補充時間、地點、方式、原因，拿掉句子仍成立",[74,298,299],{},"副詞、介系詞片語",[14,301,302,305,306,309,310,313,314,317],{},[18,303,304],{},"拆句子的訣竅：先找動詞。"," 動詞決定了後面要接什麼——\n接受詞的叫",[18,307,308],{},"及物動詞","（review, send），不接的叫",[18,311,312],{},"不及物動詞","（crash, work），\n接補語的叫",[18,315,316],{},"連綴動詞","（be, become, seem, sound）。",[10,319,321],{"id":320},"三五大基本句型","三、五大基本句型",[323,324,326],"h3",{"id":325},"句型-1s-v主詞-不及物動詞","句型 1：S + V（主詞 + 不及物動詞）",[14,328,329],{},"動詞本身就能表達完整意思，後面不需要受詞。看起來很長的句子，拿掉修飾語後可能只剩兩個字。",[331,332],"en-sentence",{":groups":333,"zh":334},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"old\",\"adj\"],[\"server\",\"n\"],[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"data\",\"n\"],[\"center\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"finally\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"crashed\",\"v\",\"動詞過去式\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"during\",\"prep\"],[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"night's\",\"n\",\"名詞所有格\"],[\"maintenance\",\"n\"],[\"window.\",\"n\"]]}]","我們資料中心裡那台老舊的伺服器，終於在昨晚的維護時段當機了。",[14,336,337,340,341,344,345,349,350,353,354,357],{},[18,338,339],{},"結構分析："," 骨架只有 ",[18,342,343],{},"The server crashed","（伺服器當機了）。\n",[346,347,348],"code",{},"in our data center"," 是修飾 server 的介系詞片語，屬於主詞的一部分；\n",[346,351,352],{},"finally"," 修飾動詞；",[346,355,356],{},"during last night's maintenance window"," 說明時間。",[331,359],{":groups":360,"zh":361},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"Most\",\"pron\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"senior\",\"adj\"],[\"engineers\",\"n\"],[\"on\",\"prep\"],[\"our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"work\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"remotely\",\"adv\"],[\"from\",\"prep\"],[\"different\",\"adj\"],[\"countries.\",\"n\"]]}]","我們團隊裡大部分的資深工程師，都在不同國家遠端工作。",[14,363,364,366,367,370,371,374,375,378,379,382,383,386,387,390],{},[18,365,339],{}," 骨架是 ",[18,368,369],{},"Most work","。注意主詞的核心是 ",[346,372,373],{},"Most","，不是離動詞最近的 ",[346,376,377],{},"team","——\n",[346,380,381],{},"of the senior engineers on our team"," 全都是修飾語。這也是為什麼動詞用 ",[346,384,385],{},"work","（複數）而不是 ",[346,388,389],{},"works","。",[323,392,394],{"id":393},"句型-2s-v-c主詞-連綴動詞-主詞補語","句型 2：S + V + C（主詞 + 連綴動詞 + 主詞補語）",[14,396,397,398,390],{},"連綴動詞（be, become, seem, sound, look, feel, remain…）本身沒有具體動作，\n需要補語來說明主詞「是什麼」或「變得怎樣」。補語描述的對象是",[18,399,236],{},[331,401],{":groups":402,"zh":403},"[{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"After\",\"prep\"],[\"several\",\"det\"],[\"rounds\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"refactoring,\",\"n\",\"動名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"legacy\",\"adj\"],[\"codebase\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"finally\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"became\",\"v\",\"連綴動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"readable\",\"adj\"],[\"and\",\"conj\"],[\"easy\",\"adj\"],[\"to\",\"inf\"],[\"maintain.\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]}]","經過好幾輪重構之後，這套舊程式碼終於變得好讀又容易維護。",[14,405,406,366,408,411,412,415,416,419,420,423,424,427,428,431],{},[18,407,339],{},[18,409,410],{},"the codebase became readable and easy to maintain","。\n",[346,413,414],{},"readable"," 和 ",[346,417,418],{},"easy"," 都是形容詞，用 ",[346,421,422],{},"and"," 連接，描述的是主詞 codebase 的狀態。\n",[346,425,426],{},"refactoring"," 是動詞加 -ing 當名詞用（動名詞），放在介系詞 ",[346,429,430],{},"of"," 後面。",[331,433],{":groups":434,"zh":435},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"Her\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"explanation\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"caching\",\"n\",\"動名詞\"],[\"strategy\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"sounded\",\"v\",\"連綴動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"surprisingly\",\"adv\"],[\"clear\",\"adj\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"to\",\"prep\"],[\"everyone\",\"pron\"],[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"meeting.\",\"n\"]]}]","她對快取策略的說明，讓會議上的每個人都覺得出乎意料地清楚。",[14,437,438,440,441,444,445,448,449,452,453,455,456,460,461,463],{},[18,439,339],{}," ",[346,442,443],{},"sounded"," 在這裡不是「發出聲音」，而是連綴動詞「聽起來」。\n補語的核心是形容詞 ",[346,446,447],{},"clear","，而副詞 ",[346,450,451],{},"surprisingly"," 修飾形容詞 ",[346,454,447],{},"。\n常見錯誤是寫成 ",[457,458,459],"del",{},"sounded clearly","——連綴動詞後面要接",[18,462,132],{},"，不是副詞。",[323,465,467],{"id":466},"句型-3s-v-o主詞-及物動詞-受詞","句型 3：S + V + O（主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞）",[14,469,470],{},"最常見的句型。及物動詞後面一定要接受詞，否則意思不完整（\"Our team reviewed.\" 會讓人問：審了什麼？）。",[331,472],{":groups":473,"zh":474},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"Our\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"carefully\",\"adv\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"reviewed\",\"v\",\"及物動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"every\",\"det\"],[\"pull\",\"n\"],[\"request\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"before\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"final\",\"adj\"],[\"release\",\"n\"],[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"Friday.\",\"n\"]]}]","上週五正式發布前，我們團隊仔細審查了每一個 pull request。",[14,476,477,366,479,411,482,485,486,489,490,493,494,497,498,501],{},[18,478,339],{},[18,480,481],{},"Our team reviewed every pull request",[346,483,484],{},"pull request"," 是兩個名詞組成的複合名詞，",[346,487,488],{},"pull"," 在這裡當名詞修飾 ",[346,491,492],{},"request","。\n句尾兩個修飾語 ",[346,495,496],{},"before the final release"," 與 ",[346,499,500],{},"last Friday"," 都在說明時間。",[331,503],{":groups":504,"zh":505},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"product\",\"n\"],[\"manager\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"will\",\"aux\"],[\"present\",\"v\",\"原形動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"detailed\",\"adj\",\"形容詞（分詞）\"],[\"proposal\",\"n\"],[\"for\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"feature\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"at\",\"prep\"],[\"tomorrow's\",\"n\",\"名詞所有格\"],[\"meeting.\",\"n\"]]}]","產品經理會在明天的會議上，提出一份新功能的詳細企劃。",[14,507,508,510,511,514,515,518],{},[18,509,339],{}," 動詞部分是 ",[18,512,513],{},"助動詞 will + 原形動詞 present","，表示未來。\n",[346,516,517],{},"detailed"," 原本是動詞 detail 的過去分詞，在這裡當形容詞修飾 proposal。",[323,520,522],{"id":521},"句型-4s-v-o-o主詞-授與動詞-間接受詞-直接受詞","句型 4：S + V + O + O（主詞 + 授與動詞 + 間接受詞 + 直接受詞）",[14,524,525,526,529,530,533,534,537],{},"give, send, show, tell, offer, teach 這類「給予」動詞可以接",[18,527,528],{},"兩個受詞","：\n",[18,531,532],{},"間接受詞","（給誰，通常是人）在前，",[18,535,536],{},"直接受詞","（給什麼，通常是物）在後。",[331,539],{":groups":540,"zh":541},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"My\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"manager\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"gave\",\"v\",\"授與動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"間接受詞 IO\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"intern\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"直接受詞 DO\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"detailed\",\"adj\"],[\"overview\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"system\",\"n\"],[\"architecture\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"on\",\"prep\"],[\"her\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"first\",\"adj\"],[\"day.\",\"n\"]]}]","我的主管在新實習生上班第一天，給了她一份系統架構的詳細介紹。",[14,543,544,546,547,559],{},[18,545,339],{}," 這個句型可以改寫成 S + V + O 加介系詞片語：\n",[548,549,550,551,554,555,558],"em",{},"My manager gave ",[18,552,553],{},"a detailed overview of the system architecture"," to ",[18,556,557],{},"the new intern",".","\n當直接受詞很長時，把「人」放在前面（原句的寫法）通常讀起來更順。",[331,561],{":groups":562,"zh":563},"[{\"role\":\"助動詞\",\"words\":[[\"Could\",\"aux\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"you\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"send\",\"v\",\"授與動詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"間接受詞 IO\",\"words\":[[\"me\",\"pron\",\"受格代名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"直接受詞 DO\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"latest\",\"adj\",\"形容詞最高級\"],[\"version\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"API\",\"n\"],[\"documentation\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"before\",\"prep\"],[\"lunch?\",\"n\"]]}]","你可以在午餐前寄給我最新版的 API 文件嗎？",[14,565,566,568,569,572,573,576,577,580,581,584],{},[18,567,339],{}," 疑問句把",[18,570,571],{},"助動詞 Could 移到主詞前面","，主要動詞 ",[346,574,575],{},"send"," 維持原形。\n把問句還原成直述句就是 ",[548,578,579],{},"You could send me the latest version…","，結構和上一句完全相同。\n",[346,582,583],{},"me"," 是受格代名詞——當受詞時要用 me \u002F him \u002F her \u002F them，而不是 I \u002F he \u002F she \u002F they。",[323,586,588],{"id":587},"句型-5s-v-o-c主詞-動詞-受詞-受詞補語","句型 5：S + V + O + C（主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語）",[14,590,591,592,594],{},"受詞後面還需要一個補語來說明",[18,593,263],{},"的狀態或身分，否則意思不完整。\n常見動詞有 make, keep, find, consider, call, elect, leave。",[331,596],{":groups":597,"zh":598},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"unexpected\",\"adj\"],[\"traffic\",\"n\"],[\"spike\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"kept\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"entire\",\"adj\"],[\"on-call\",\"adj\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"awake\",\"adj\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"all\",\"det\"],[\"night.\",\"n\"]]}]","突如其來的流量高峰，讓整個值班團隊整晚都沒辦法睡。",[14,600,601,603,604,607,608,611],{},[18,602,339],{}," 比較句型 2 和句型 5：",[548,605,606],{},"The team stayed awake."," 裡 awake 描述主詞（主詞補語）；\n本句的 ",[346,609,610],{},"awake"," 描述的是受詞 the team（受詞補語）。\n拿掉 awake 變成 \"The spike kept the team\"，意思就不完整了——這就是補語「必要」的地方。",[331,613],{":groups":614,"zh":615},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"board\",\"n\"],[\"of\",\"prep\"],[\"directors\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"elected\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"Sarah\",\"n\",\"專有名詞\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞補語 C\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"new\",\"adj\"],[\"chief\",\"adj\"],[\"technology\",\"n\"],[\"officer\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"month.\",\"n\"]]}]","董事會上個月選出 Sarah 擔任新任技術長。",[14,617,618,620,621,390,624,415,627,630,631,634],{},[18,619,339],{}," 受詞補語也可以是",[18,622,623],{},"名詞片語",[346,625,626],{},"Sarah",[346,628,629],{},"the new chief technology officer","\n指的是同一個人，可以想成 ",[548,632,633],{},"Sarah = the new CTO","，這是判斷受詞補語的好方法；\n而句型 4 的兩個受詞（the intern ≠ an overview）就不是同一個東西。",[10,636,638],{"id":637},"四把句子接起來複合句與複雜句","四、把句子接起來：複合句與複雜句",[14,640,641],{},"五大句型是「單句」。實際寫作時常把兩個以上的句子接在一起，主要有兩種方式。",[323,643,645],{"id":644},"對等連接詞兩個地位相等的句子","對等連接詞：兩個地位相等的句子",[14,647,648],{},"用 and, but, or, so 連接兩個完整的句子，每一邊都有自己的主詞和動詞。",[331,650],{":groups":651,"zh":652},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"tests\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"passed\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"on\",\"prep\"],[\"my\",\"pron\",\"所有格\"],[\"laptop,\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"對等連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"but\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"they\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"failed\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"repeatedly\",\"adv\"],[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"CI\",\"n\"],[\"pipeline.\",\"n\"]]}]","測試在我的筆電上都通過了，但在 CI pipeline 裡卻一直失敗。",[14,654,655,657,658,661,662,665,666,669],{},[18,656,339],{}," 兩個 S + V 句型用 ",[346,659,660],{},"but"," 接起來。\n常見錯誤是只用逗號連接兩個完整句子（",[457,663,664],{},"The tests passed, they failed in CI.","），\n英文裡這叫 ",[548,667,668],{},"comma splice","，中間一定要有連接詞，或改用句號、分號。",[323,671,673],{"id":672},"從屬連接詞主要子句-從屬子句","從屬連接詞：主要子句 + 從屬子句",[14,675,676,677,680],{},"because, although, when, if, while 等從屬連接詞會帶出一個",[18,678,679],{},"副詞子句","，用來補充原因、條件、時間。\n從屬子句本身不能單獨成句。",[331,682],{":groups":683,"zh":684},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"We\",\"pron\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"postponed\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"release\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"從屬連接詞\",\"words\":[[\"because\",\"conj\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"security\",\"n\"],[\"team\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"found\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"子句受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"a\",\"art\"],[\"critical\",\"adj\"],[\"vulnerability\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"in\",\"prep\"],[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"login\",\"n\"],[\"module.\",\"n\"]]}]","我們延後了發布，因為資安團隊在登入模組裡發現了一個嚴重漏洞。",[14,686,687,689,690,693,694,697,698,701,702,705],{},[18,688,339],{}," 主要子句 ",[548,691,692],{},"We postponed the release"," 是 S + V + O；\n",[346,695,696],{},"because"," 帶出的從屬子句 ",[548,699,700],{},"the security team found a critical vulnerability"," 也是 S + V + O。\n從屬子句也可以放到句首：",[548,703,704],{},"Because the security team found…, we postponed the release.","（放句首時要加逗號）。",[323,707,709],{"id":708},"關係代名詞用子句修飾名詞","關係代名詞：用子句修飾名詞",[14,711,712,713,716],{},"who, which, that 引導的",[18,714,715],{},"形容詞子句","放在名詞後面，用一整個子句來修飾那個名詞。",[331,718],{":groups":719,"zh":720},"[{\"role\":\"主詞 S\",\"words\":[[\"The\",\"art\"],[\"engineer\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"形容詞子句（修飾 engineer）\",\"words\":[[\"who\",\"pron\",\"關係代名詞\"],[\"designed\",\"v\"],[\"this\",\"det\"],[\"system\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"動詞 V\",\"words\":[[\"left\",\"v\"]]},{\"role\":\"受詞 O\",\"words\":[[\"the\",\"art\"],[\"company\",\"n\"]]},{\"role\":\"修飾語 M\",\"words\":[[\"last\",\"adj\"],[\"year.\",\"n\"]]}]","設計這套系統的那位工程師，去年離開了公司。",[14,722,723,725,726,729,730,733],{},[18,724,339],{}," 主要句子是 ",[18,727,728],{},"The engineer left the company","（S + V + O），\n",[346,731,732],{},"who designed this system"," 夾在主詞和動詞中間，告訴我們是「哪一位」工程師。\n讀長句時，看到 who \u002F which \u002F that 就先把整個子句括起來，句子骨架馬上就清楚了。",[10,735,737],{"id":736},"五拆解任何句子的四個步驟","五、拆解任何句子的四個步驟",[739,740,741,748,754,760],"ol",{},[742,743,744,747],"li",{},[18,745,746],{},"找動詞","：先找出主要動詞（含助動詞），注意關係子句、從屬子句裡的動詞不是主要動詞。",[742,749,750,753],{},[18,751,752],{},"找主詞","：問「是誰／什麼在做這個動作？」——主詞的核心通常是動詞前面、介系詞片語之外的那個名詞。",[742,755,756,759],{},[18,757,758],{},"看動詞後面接什麼","：沒有東西 → 句型 1；形容詞或名詞描述主詞 → 句型 2；\n一個受詞 → 句型 3；兩個受詞 → 句型 4；受詞後面還有描述它的補語 → 句型 5。",[742,761,762,765],{},[18,763,764],{},"剩下的都是修飾語","：副詞、介系詞片語、子句，先括起來，理解骨架後再加回去。",[10,767,768],{"id":768},"練習方法",[739,770,771,778,781],{},[742,772,773,774,777],{},"每天從工作上的英文文件或 email 裡挑 ",[18,775,776],{},"一個長句","，照上面四個步驟標出 S、V、O、C。",[742,779,780],{},"把骨架抄下來，再自己加上不同的修飾語，造出一個新的長句。",[742,782,783,784,787,788,791],{},"刻意練習句型 4 和句型 5——這兩種在中文母語者的寫作裡最少見，\n也最容易寫錯成 ",[457,785,786],{},"explain me the problem","（explain 不能接兩個受詞，要用 ",[548,789,790],{},"explain the problem to me","）。",{"title":793,"searchDepth":794,"depth":794,"links":795},"",2,[796,797,798,799,807,812,813],{"id":12,"depth":794,"text":12},{"id":45,"depth":794,"text":46},{"id":210,"depth":794,"text":211},{"id":320,"depth":794,"text":321,"children":800},[801,803,804,805,806],{"id":325,"depth":802,"text":326},3,{"id":393,"depth":802,"text":394},{"id":466,"depth":802,"text":467},{"id":521,"depth":802,"text":522},{"id":587,"depth":802,"text":588},{"id":637,"depth":794,"text":638,"children":808},[809,810,811],{"id":644,"depth":802,"text":645},{"id":672,"depth":802,"text":673},{"id":708,"depth":802,"text":709},{"id":736,"depth":794,"text":737},{"id":768,"depth":794,"text":768},"2026-03-01",null,"md",{},true,"\u002Fenglish\u002Fbasic-sentence-structure",{"title":5,"description":793},"english\u002Fbasic-sentence-structure",[823,824,825],"英文學習","文法","句型","f5VZVFdgztcgBhuhWQPGaI3tkhHi2LeTAlLy5Fk5nnM",1792959150164]