2026年3月22日
What、Why、Where、When、How:五個疑問詞的用法與問句結構
疑問詞問句的公式
Yes / No 問句(Are you ready? / Do you know…?)只能回答是或否; 想問「什麼、為什麼、在哪、何時、怎麼做」,就要在句首加上疑問詞。
幾乎所有疑問詞問句都套同一個公式:
疑問詞 + 助動詞(do / does / did / be / will / can…)+ 主詞 + 動詞 + 其他?
也就是:先把一般問句寫出來,再把疑問詞放到最前面。
- Do you store the logs in S3? → Where do you store the logs?
- Is the release on Friday? → When is the release?
| 疑問詞 | 問什麼 | 詞性 | 常見搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| What | 事物、內容 | 疑問代名詞/限定詞 | what time, what kind of, what if |
| Why | 原因、理由 | 疑問副詞 | why not, why don't we |
| Where | 地點、位置 | 疑問副詞 | where else, where exactly |
| When | 時間 | 疑問副詞 | since when, until when |
| How | 方法、程度、狀態 | 疑問副詞 | how long, how many, how often, how come |
What:問「什麼」
What 當受詞:要加助動詞
結構分析: 還原成直述句是 You think something about moving our logs…,
What 代替的是 think 的受詞,所以要加助動詞 do。
注意 about 是介系詞,後面接動名詞 moving。中文說「你覺得…怎麼樣」,英文要用 What do you think,不是 How do you think。
What 當主詞:不加 do
結構分析: 這裡 What 本身就是主詞(是「什麼東西」造成停機),
所以句子直接是 What + 動詞,不需要 did,動詞直接用過去式 caused。
寫成 What did cause the outage? 是常見錯誤。Who 當主詞時也一樣:Who approved this pull request?
What 的常見搭配
- What kind of database are you planning to use for the analytics service?
- What time does the maintenance window start in our time zone?
- What if the third-party API goes down during the campaign?(要是…怎麼辦)
Why:問「為什麼」
結構分析: 事情發生在過去,時態放在助動詞 did 上,主要動詞 fail 回到原形。
even though(即使)帶出的是從屬子句,子句不倒裝,動詞照常用過去式 passed。
Why 的常見搭配
- Why don't we split this ticket into two smaller ones? — 不是在問原因,而是提出建議(我們何不…)。
- Why not use a managed service instead of running our own cluster? — 後面直接接原形動詞。
- How come the build is so slow today? — 口語的「怎麼會」,後面不倒裝,維持直述句語序。
Where:問「在哪裡」
結構分析: 帳密是「被存放」的,所以是被動式 are + stored。
主詞核心是複數的 credentials,助動詞用 are。把 Where 放回原位就是 The credentials are stored in Vault.
Where 的常見問法
- Where can I find the runbook for the payment service?
- Where exactly does the request time out — at the gateway or in the backend?
- Where did you hear about this job opening?(面試常見問題)
When:問「什麼時候」
結構分析: 助動詞 will 後面的 be 動詞要用原形 be。
這句的核心結構是 S + V + C(the version will be available),When 問的是時間。
When 和 What time 的差別
- When did you join the company? — 範圍較廣,可以回答年份、月份、某個事件之後。
- What time is the stand-up tomorrow? — 只問幾點幾分。
- Since when has this endpoint required authentication? — 從什麼時候開始(常帶有意外的語氣)。
How:問「怎麼做、多…」
How 單獨用時問方法或狀態;加上形容詞或副詞時問程度、數量、頻率。
結構分析: How 問的是 handle 的「方法」。頻率副詞 usually 放在主詞和主要動詞之間。
結構分析: How long 是一組,問時間長度。it 是虛主詞,真正的主詞是後面的不定詞片語
to run the full test suite。主詞是 it(第三人稱單數),所以助動詞用 does。
| How + 形容詞/副詞 | 問什麼 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| How long | 多久 | How long have you been working with Kubernetes? |
| How many + 可數名詞 | 多少個 | How many requests per second can this service handle? |
| How much + 不可數名詞 | 多少量 | How much memory does each pod need in production? |
| How often | 多常 | How often do you rotate the API keys for third-party services? |
| How soon | 多快 | How soon can you get the hotfix ready for review? |
| How far | 多遠、到什麼程度 | How far along are we with the migration? |
間接問句:放進句子裡就不倒裝
在會議或 email 裡,直接問 Where are the logs stored? 有時顯得太直接。 更禮貌的做法是放進 Could you tell me… / Do you know… / I'm not sure… 裡,這時疑問詞後面改回直述句語序:
結構分析: 整個 where the deployment logs are stored 是 tell 的直接受詞(句型 4:S + V + IO + DO)。
子句裡是 主詞 + are stored,不是 where are the deployment logs stored。
| 直接問句 | 間接問句 |
|---|---|
| Why did the job fail? | Do you know why the job failed? |
| When will the patch be released? | I'm not sure when the patch will be released. |
| How does this script work? | Could you explain how this script works? |
| What is the root cause? | We still don't know what the root cause is. |
注意 do / does / did 在間接問句裡會消失,時態和單複數回到主要動詞上(failed、works)。
練習方法
- 先寫出直述句,把想問的部分換成疑問詞放到句首,再補上助動詞——這樣幾乎不會寫錯語序。
- 遇到 What / Who 時多想一步:它是主詞還是受詞?是主詞就不要加 do。
- 把今天在會議上想問的三個問題,各改寫成直接問句和間接問句一次。